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Biomedical subjects

R E Strandjord

Publications and source records attributed to R E Strandjord.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Single-drug therapy with carbamazepine in patients with epilepsy: serum levels and clinical effect.

Carbamazepine (CBZ) was given as the only drug to 62 epileptic patients with mainly simple and complex partial seizures. Twenty-four of the patients were given CBZ as the only drug from the beginning of therapy, while 38 patients had formerly received other antiepileptic drugs. Serum concentrations of CBZ and CBZ-10,11-epoxide were determined by enzyme immunoassay and gas chromatography, respectively, in fasting morning blood specimens. Twenty of the 24 patients given CBZ from the beginning were seizure-free at follow-up 7-48 months later. These patients had a mean daily dose of CBZ of 7.5 (+/- 0.56) mg/kg and mean CBZ and epoxide serum concentrations of 23.4 (+/- 1.16) and 2.4 (+/- 0.20) mumoles/liter, respectively. The corresponding values for 25 of the 38 patients previously treated with other antiepileptic drugs were 10.3 +/- 0.66 mg/kg and 29.4 +/- 1.60 and 3.1 +/- 0.18 mumoles/liter. The follow-up in these patients was 11-58 months. Thirteen patients had poor seizure control, although they had serum CBZ and epoxide concentrations within the ranges giving seizure control in the rest of the patients. The concentrations of the epoxide in serum were significantly correlated to the concentrations of CBZ (r = 0.63, p < 0.01). The therapeutic range, 13-51 mumoles/liter, indicates great interindividual differences in optimal levels of CBZ. Accordingly, individually tailored drug regimens are necessary to achieve optimal therapeutic effects with CBZ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Serum of concentrations of immunoglobulins in patients with epilepsy treated with carbamazepine.

The concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM were determined in sera of 16 patients, all of whom had partial epilepsy and had received CBZ as the only drug since the beginning of therapy. Fifty-three healthy subjects served as controls. Serum concentrations of IgA and IgG were significantly higher in patients than in controls (IgA: P = 0.05; IgG: P = 0.01). The concentration of IgM was not significantly different from that of the controls (P = 0.1). The IgG serum levels in the controls were lower with increasing age. Furthermore, IgG serum levels were higher with increasing CBZ concentrations.

Carbamazepine↗
PubMed1980

Hypothyroidism induced by anti-epileptic therapy.

Two patients on long-term anti-epileptic treatment, one with both phenytoin and carbamazepine, the other with carbamazepine, developed clinical hypothyroidism. Laboratory assays verified the diagnosis. Both patients became euthyroid and the thyroid hormone assays were normal after withdrawal of the drugs.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Salivary immunoglobulin concentrations in patients with epilepsy treated with carbamazepine.

Various anti-epileptic drugs may affect the immune system. An IgA-depressing effect of carbamazepine has been proposed, but only serum concentrations have been studied. IgA constitutes a small fraction of the serum immunoglobulins, while it is the predominating one in external secretions. In the present study the concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM in unstimulated saliva were determined by single radial immunodiffusion in 34 patients with partial epilepsy, and being treated with carbamazepine alone. Median salivary IgA concentration in the patients was 208 x 10(-3) g/l, compared to 150 x 10(3) g/l in 41 healthy controls. Salivary IgG and IgM concentrations were also somewhat higher in the patients than in the controls, while the albumin concentrations were similar in the two groups. However, the differences in the immunoglobulin concentrations between patients and controls were not significant at a 5% level. There was no significant correlation between the concentrations of IgA in saliva and serum.

Carbamazepine↗
PubMed1977

Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of levomepromazine after repeated administration of tablets and syrup.

Plasma levels of levomepromazine and its sulphoxide were measured in 8 psychiatric patients after repeated doses of levomepromazine tablets or syrup. The rate and extent of absorption of the drug were similar for the two dosage forms, although the extent of presystemic metabolism appeared to be slightly greater after administration of syrup than of tablets. The biological half-life of levomepromazine ranged from 16.5 h to 77.8 h, and a 13-fold variation was seen in the ratio of the total clearance to the absorbed fraction of the dose (Cl/Fpo). It is postulated that individual variation in the dose required for therapy was due in part to individual variation in the pharmacokinetics of the drug.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Pharmacokinetics of chlorpromazine after single and chronic dosage.

Plasma concentrations of chlorpromazine and its sulfoxide were measured after single intramuscular, single oral, and multiple oral doses of chlorpromazine. In four out of nine patients, intramuscular doses gave stable chlorpromazine plasma levels which were maintained for 12 hr or longer. Chlorpromazine sulfoxide was found in plasma from all patients after oral doses but not after intramuscular doses, which indicates that sulfoxidation took place presystemically. The biologic availability of single oral doses relative to single intramuscular doses ranged from 10 to 69%, and was on average 32%. After 33 days of oral dosing, the plasma levels of chlorpromazine were on average 37% lower than might have been predicted from the single oral dose curves. This was not due to decreased biologic t 1/2 of chlorpromazine, but apparently to a decrease in the biologic availability by oral administration, possibly by increased presystemic metabolism.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Lack of effect of clonazepam on serum levels of diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine.

The influence of clonazepam on steady-state serum levels of diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine was studied in 22 patients with epilepsy receiving one or two of these drugs. Clonazepam was given in slowly increasing doses for 2 weeks until a maximum dose of 4-6 mg per day was reached; thereafter the dose was kept constant. The serum levels of diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine were determined once a week for at least 6 weeks. During clonazepam medication in ordinary doses the serum levels of the drugs in question were unaltered. Thus, it is unlikely that the antiepileptic effect of clonazepam in these patients even partly may be due to increased serum levels of these other drugs mentioned.

Adolescent↗