Self-disclosure and interpersonal functioning.
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Authoritarianism↗
Biomedical subjects
R E Shore
Publications and source records attributed to R E Shore.
An electrophoretic analysis of proteins of cellular sap in normal and hybrid frog embryos.
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Animals↗
Methadone maintenance and other factors associated with intraindividual temporal trends in injection-drug use.
The objective of this study was to determine what sociodemographic, lifestyle, or drug-related characteristics predict temporal changes in self reported drug injection frequencies among HIV-seronegative injection-drug users (IDUs) who were being given HIV testing and risk reduction counseling. The 277 subjects were given 4-11 quarterly interviews including detailed history of drug use and other HIV risk factors, HIV risk reduction counseling, and venipuncture for HIV antibody testing. A regression slope of change over time in drug injection frequency was calculated for each subject, and categories were created of decreasing temporal slope, increasing slope, relapse (decrease initially, then increase), or no substantial change. Only 44% of subjects decreased their drug injection frequencies despite repetitive HIV testing and counseling. In multivariate logistic analyses, decreasing temporal trends were associated with consistent enrollment in methadone maintenance (p < .1), whereas increasing trends conversely were associated with inconsistent enrollment (p < .01) and also with an absence of crack use (p < .01). Relapses were significantly associated with needle sharing with multiple partners and a low frequency of smoking. The data suggest that methadone maintenance facilitates a positive response to HIV risk reduction counseling. However, the fact that only a minority of subjects displayed a decreasing temporal trend in drug injection frequencies emphasizes the need for improved therapeutic and counseling techniques.
Adult↗
Follow-up study of patients treated by X-ray epilation for Tinea capitis; resurvey of post-treatment illness and mortality experience.
This is the second follow-up study of 2,215 persons who during childhood between 1940 and 1959 had been given x-ray therapy for tinea capitis and of 1,395 persons well matched for age, sex, and race who were treated for the same disease during the same period without the use of x-ray therapy. The major finding of the study was an excess incidence in the irradiated cases of tumors of the head and neck including the skin, brain, thyroid, and parotid. However, between the groups there was no difference in death due to malignant neoplasms or any other cause. Among white patients, a 40% excess of treated psychiatric disorders was observed in the irradiated group, but there was no difference among blacks.
Adolescent↗
Effects of aircraft noise on hearing ability of school-age children.
Two hundred one cases with permanent bilateral high-frequency hearing loss and 208 controls with normal hearing were identified through the New York City hearing screening program. Aircraft noise exposure was estimated for the residences of cases and controls from Noise Exposure Forecast contour maps of the New York City airports. The noise exposure estimates had a correlation on 0.89 with noise level measurement made in the area. Birth certificates and questionnaires were used to provide additional information on other sources of noise exposure and potential confounders. The results showed a positive, but not statistically significant association between aircraft noise exposure and the risk of high-frequency hearing loss.
Aircraft↗
Effects of aircraft noise on reading ability of school-age children.
The percent of students reading below grade level from 1972 to 1976 was regressed on racial, socioeconomic, educational, and noise level variables for all elementary schools in Brooklyn and Queens, New York. Schools were assigned noise exposure scores based on Noise Exposure Forecast contours for New York City airports. The correlations between these noise scores and a variety of noise level metrics ranged from 0.74 to 0.97. The regression coefficients adjusted for confounding factors, indicated that an additional 3.6% of the students in the noisiest schools read at least 1 yr below grade level with 95% confidence limits from 1.5 to 5.8%. The dose-response relationship indicated that the percent reading below grade level increased as noise level increased.
Aircraft↗
Reliability of measurements of total, protein-bound, and unbound estradiol in serum.
Estradiol (E2) circulates in the blood in three states: unbound (U-E2), bound to sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG-E2), and bound to albumin. There is evidence to support the concept that only U-E2 and albumin-bound E2, are bioavailable (i.e., rapidly extracted by tissues). A case-control study nested within a large cohort of women, in which we are examining the effect of estrogens on breast cancer risk, offered the opportunity to assess the reliability of measurements of E2, the percentage of SHBG-E2, and the percentage of U-E2 based on multiple annual serum specimens. Long-term (1-2 year) reliability, as estimated by the intraclass correlation coefficient, was assessed in a subgroup of 71 premenopausal and 77 postmenopausal controls for whom two or three serum specimens were assayed. In postmenopausal women the intraclass correlation coefficient for a single measurement of total E2 was only 0.51. As for the percentage of SHBG-E2, intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.83 and 0.94, and for U-E2, 0.72 and 0.77 in the premenopausal and postmenopausal groups, respectively. These data suggest that, whereas single determinations of total E2 are insufficient to reliably estimate a woman's true mean level, a single measurement of the percentage of SHBG-E2 or U-E2 is adequate to assess bioavailability of E2 in an epidemiological study, irrespective of day of the menstrual cycle.
Adult↗
Reliability of serum prolactin measurements in women.
Prolactin, a hormone indispensable for milk secretion, has been shown to enhance the development and growth of mammary tumors in rodents; however, its importance in human breast cancer is uncertain. Serum prolactin levels are known to fluctuate considerably under normal conditions, and lack of precision in the hormone measurements may have contributed to the largely negative findings in humans to date. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of prolactin measurements in women using stored serum from an ongoing prospective study of breast cancer. Separate groups of postmenopausal and premenopausal women who donated multiple blood samples at approximately 1-year intervals were studied. The reliability of a single log prolactin determination, as measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient, was 0.76 for the postmenopausal women (95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.85) and 0.48 for the premenopausal women (95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.62). These findings suggest that a single measurement is sufficient to characterize the serum prolactin level of postmenopausal women for epidemiological research. For premenopausal women, however, multiple samples are desirable. Controlling for phase of the menstrual cycle does not appear to substantially improve the reliability of premenopausal measurements.
Adult↗