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Biomedical subjects

R E Shope

Publications and source records attributed to R E Shope.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Cross-reactive and type-specific complement-fixing structures of Oriboca virions.

Characteristics of two components of Oriboca virus were studied after they were separated and semipurified by velocity centrifugation. A component of low infectivity and broad cross-reactivity in the complement-fixation (CF) test had a sedimentation coefficient of 6--7S. Infectious Oriboca virions with hemagglutinating (HA) activity had a sedimentation coeffecient of 457S. These virions cross-reacted broadly with Murutucu viral antibody. The cross-reactive, virion-associated component and a type-specific CF fragment were released from virions by disruption with Nonidet P-40. These CF fragments separated by sucrose gradient equilibrium centrifugation had densities of 1.245gm/ml and 1.181 gm/ml, respectively, and were both interpreted to be envelope structures. The type-specific CF antigen appeared to be related to the viral hemagglutinin in that it blocked hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody, whereas the cross-reactive CF fragment did not.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Rhabdoviridae. Report of the Rhabdovirus Study Group, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.

The family Rhabdoviridae comprises approximately 75 viruses infecting vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. The main characteristics of the member viruses are: (i) the viruses infecting vertebrates and invertebrates are bullet-shaped and the viruses infecting plants are usually bacilliform; (ii) the viruses have particle lengths varying from 130 to 380 nm and widths varying from 60 to 95 nm; (iii) the viruses possess unit-membrane envelopes from which protrude spikes 5 to 10 nm long; (iv) the viruses have precisely coiled helical nuecleocapsids with a diameter of approx. 50 nm; (v) most of the viruses which have been studied contain 5 proteins; the prototype, vesicular stomatitis virus, contains proteins designated L (large), G (glycoprotein), N (nucleoprotein), NS (nonstructural) and M (matrix); N or NS is phosphorylated in most members which have been studied; (vi) the viruses contain single-stranded RNA which is transcribed into several messenger RNA species with sizes corresponding to the structural proteins; (vii) the nucleocapsid contains the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and is infectious; and (viii) many of the viruses produce morphologically distinct defective-interfering (T) particles.

RNA, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Antibody response to arboviruses. Absence of increased response in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis.

Complement fixation and hemagglutination imhibition tests were conducted on the serums of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis using a variety of arboviral antigens. Seventy-eight complement fixation and 15 hemagglutination-inhibition viral antigens were used representing togaviruses, orbiviruses, rhadoviruses, bunyaviruses, arenaviruses, and several ungrouped agents. The serological results did not indicate any relationship between these viruses and either amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or multiple sclerosis.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1978

Effects of protamine sulfate on dengue type 1 viral activities.

Protamine treatment of type 1 dengue-infected mouse brain suspension resulted in precipitation of several viral specific activities. Complement-fixation activity was almost completely precipitated by protamine. The complement-fixation components recovered in the precipitate were comparable to a non-precipitated reference dengue 1 antigen in their homologous and heterologous reactions. Dengue hemagglutinin was also precipitated by the same treatment. The precipitated hemagglutinin was resolved into three components by buoyant density centrifugation, whose densities were 1.236, 1.215, and 1.178 g/ml, respectively. Three similar HA components were detected in non-protamine treated virus preparations. In both instances the highest-titered HA fraction possessed a buoyant density of 1.21--1.22 g/ml. These HA components were tested in the hemagglutination-inhibition reaction and were proved to be virus-specific. Cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation was shown to be useful for removing possible inhibitor(s) of viral specific hemagglutinin.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

New Minto virus: a new rhabdovirus from ticks in Alaska.

Three strains of a virus were isolated from Haemaphysalis leporis-palustris (Packard) ticks removed from snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben) in east central Alaska. We suggest that the virus be named New Minto for the location in which the ticks were collected. Prototype New Minto virus is sensitive to the action of sodium deoxycholate and kills suckling mice by the intracerebral but not intraperitoneal route; weaned mice do not die after intracerebral, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous inoculation. The virus produces plaque in serially propagated Vero but not in primary Pekin duck embryo cells. By complement-fixation and neutralization tests New Minto is related to Sawgrass Virus, a hitherto ungrouped virus from Florida. The establishment of a Sawgrass group is suggested. In addition, Sawgrass virus was found by electron microscopy to belong to the Family Rhabdoviridae.

Alaska↗
PubMed1978

Maternal immunity to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea viruses: duration and effect on vaccination in young calves.

The immune response to modified live-virus bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) vaccine and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) vaccine was examined in calves that had received passive maternal antibodies to these viruses. Blood serum samples from vaccinated and control (nonvaccinated) calves were examined for more than 1 year to determine the rate of decline of passive anti-BVD and anti-IBR antibodies and the effect that vaccination had on these antibody titers. The control calves lost their antibodies to BVD and IBR viruses at the rate of one half their remaining antibody titer every 21 days. Calves serologically responded to BVD vaccine at a time when maternal antibody titers remained between 1:96 and 1:20. However, animals did not seroconvert to the IBR vaccine until maternal antibodies had decreased and become undetectable. Evidence is presented to show that although passive immunity will inhibit IBR vaccination, priming for a secondary response will occur so that on subsequent vaccination, at a time when maternal antibodies have disappeared, the animals will respond anamnestically to IBR vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Salt-dependent hemagglutination with Bunyaviridae antigens.

Hemagglutination titers of antigens from nine serologic groups of Bunyaviridae were increased by hypertonic NaCl. The effect was predominantly on sonically treated antigens and was additive with the increase from sonic treatment alone.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Oligonucleotide fingerprints of RNA species obtained from rhabdoviruses belonging to the vesicular stomatitis virus subgroup.

The relationships among the genomes of various rhabdoviruses belonging to the vesicular stomatitis virus subgroup were analyzed by an oligonucleotide fingerprinting technique. Of 10 vesicular stomatitis viruses, Indiana serotype (VSV Indiana), obtained from various sources, either no, few, or many differences were observed in the oligonucleotide fingerprints of the 42S RNA species extracted from standard B virions. Analyses of the oligonucleotides obtained from RNA extracted from three separate preparations of VSV Indiana defective T particles showed that their RNAs contain fewer oligonucleotides than the corresponding B particle RNA species. The fingerprints of RNA obtained from five VSV New Jersey serotype viruses were easily distinguished from those of the VSV Indiana isolates. Three of the VSV New Jersey RNA fingerprints were similar to each other but quite different from those of the other two viruses. The RNA fingerprints of two Chandipura virus isolates (one obtained from India and one from Nigeria) were also unique, whereas the fingerprint of Cocal virus RNA was unlike that of the serologically related VSV Indiana.

Defective Viruses↗
PubMed1977

Formation of recombinants between snowshoe hare and La Crosse bunyaviruses.

Wild-type recombinants were obtained at high frequency from coinfections of BHK cells involving temperature-sensitive, conditional-lethal mutants of snowshoe hare (SSH) and La Crosse (LAC) bunyaviruses. Analyses of two of the recombinants indicated that they have the genome compositions SSH/LAC/SSH and SSH/LAC/LAC for their respective L, M, and S virion RNA species. This evidence, together with that for the genetic stability of the recombinants, indicates that they were derived by segment reassortment of the competent genome pieces of the parental viruses. The SSH/LAC/SSH recombinant appears, from polypeptide analysis, to have the SSH type of nucleocapsid protein (N), whereas the SSH/LAC/LAC recombinant has the LAC nucleocapsid protein, suggesting that the viral S RNA codes for the N protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Single inoculation immune hamster sera for typing California group arboviruses by the complement-fixation test.

Eight reference California group viruses of North America were typed using sera of immune hamsters bled 21 days after a single inoculation. The complement-fixation test reactions were relatively specific, although only 2-fold differences were observed reciprocally with the closely-related La Crosse and snowshoe hare viruses. Hamster serum taken 10 days post inoculation was more specific than a 21-day serum. Sepcificity after second inoculation was lost with some antigens. Jamestown Canyon and South River viruses were identical by complement-fixation test and showed minor differences in the plaque reduction neutralization test.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Aedes aegypti strain fitness for yellow fever virus transmission.

Three geographical strains of Aedes aegypti from Thailand (Amphur), East Africa (Kampala), and the West Indies (Santo Domingo) were compared for susceptibility to infection with low-passage yellow fever virus (French viscerotropic) as well as for ability to transmit virus by bite at varying extrinsic incubation periods. Santo Domingo strain appeared the most competent and Kampala the least when mosquitoes were exposed to a low level virus-infecting blood meal; at higher virus levels, a similar trend was noted but differences were less evident and in no case were the differences statistically significant. All three strains were infected with and transmitted yellow fever virus.

Aedes↗
PubMed1976

Characterization of Whitney's Clethrionomy gapperi virus isolates from Massachusetts.

Six strains of virus were recovered from the blood and/or liver of five Clethrionomys gapperi ochraceus trapped in southeastern Massachusetts during 1969. Biological, antigenic and physiochemical properties of these isolates are reported. USA M-2268a was selected as the reference strain. This strain was identical by complement-fixation and neutralization tests to Whitneys C. gapperie virus (USA 64-7855) from New York State and was related to, but distinct from, an unpublished agent (Johnson's Microtus montanus enterovirus USA M-1146) isolated in June, 1962 from voles trapped in Klamath County, Oregon. USA M-2268a was resistant to lipid solvents and acid pH and was stable at temperatures of 4 C, 22 C, and 37 C. Virus was detected over a 10-day observation period in four species of mosquitoes inoculated with USA M-2268a, although there was no evidence of infection or replication, and transmission attempts by bite failed. Neutralizing antibody was detected in C.g. gapperi and C. g. ochraceus in various habitats throughout the state.

Animals↗