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Biomedical subjects

R E Shope

Publications and source records attributed to R E Shope.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Electron microscopic and antigenic studies of uncharacterized viruses. III. Evidence suggesting the placement of viruses in the family Reoviridae.

This is the last of three papers describing the use of electron microscopy and antigenic tests intended to characterize and place in taxa more than 60 previously unclassified viruses. The first paper describes the viruses we classified as members of the families Arenaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, or Poxviridae. The second paper describes those classified as members of the virus family Bunyaviridae. Another paper, published separately, discusses viruses classified as members of the family Rhabdoviridae. In this paper we report that electron microscopy provided sufficient evidence to provisionally place 14 viruses in the family Reoviridae. By using serologic methods, we placed Minnal virus in the Umatilla serogroup and established new antigenic groups for seven other viruses (Ieri, Picola, Arkonam, Tembe, Fomede, Wongorr, and Gomoka). No antigenic relationships were determined for six other viruses (Andasibe, Itupiranga, Kammavanpettai, Lake Clarendon, Matucare, and Ndelle) provisionally placed in the family Reoviridae.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Antigenic relationships between flaviviruses as determined by cross-neutralization tests with polyclonal antisera.

The recently established virus family Flaviviridae contains at least 68 recognized members. Sixty-six of these viruses were tested by cross-neutralization in cell cultures. Flaviviruses were separated into eight complexes [tick-borne encephalitis (12 viruses), Rio Bravo (six), Japanese encephalitis (10), Tyuleniy (three), Ntaya (five), Uganda S (four), dengue (four) and Modoc (five)] containing 49 viruses; 17 other viruses were not sufficiently related to warrant inclusion in any of these complexes.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1988

Genetic relatedness of the Kemerovo serogroup viruses: I. RNA-RNA blot hybridization and gene reassortment in vitro of the Kemerovo serocomplex.

The dsRNA profiles of the Czechoslovakian and Siberian serotypes of the Kemerovo serocomplex viruses examined were similar in agarose, while their dsRNA profiles were distinct in polyacrylamide gel. Blot hybridization studies of the Kemerovo serocomplex viruses demonstrated that the genes were highly conserved among the members within each type, but not between types. Gene reassortment in vitro was demonstrated among selected pairs of the Kemerovo serocomplex viruses by intra- and inter-typic crosses. The majority of the reassortant progeny from inter-typic crosses were single gene replacements, whereas the majority of the reassortant progeny from intra-typic crosses were multiple gene replacements suggesting that certain gene combinations were restrictive under conditions of the experiment.

Genes, Viral↗
PubMed1988

Effect of human gamma interferon on yellow fever virus infection.

We studied yellow fever virus infection in two species of monkey: Saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkeys) and Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkeys). Human gamma interferon was administered intravenously in five equal doses, one was given 24 hr before infection followed by four doses 24 hr apart. Interferon reduced the levels and duration of viremia and the severity of hepatitis in squirrel monkeys. Interferon prolonged survival time and delayed the appearance of viremia and hepatitis in infected rhesus monkeys, but it did not change overall mortality.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1987

An enzyme immunoassay for dengue antibody using infected cultured mosquito cells as antigen.

A simple enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for dengue virus antibody detection used infected tissue culture cells as antigen. C6/36 Aedes albopictus cells infected with dengue virus, and uninfected control cells were fixed with 3.3% formalin. This technique eliminated microplate coating and laborious antigen preparation, and it facilitated rapid screening of large numbers of sera. Formalin also inactivated dengue virus infectivity. Microplates prepared by this technique could be stored at -20 or -70 degrees C for at least two months. Human sera were adsorbed with C6/36 cells prior to testing in the EIA in order to reduce nonspecific binding to C6/36 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus in ovine and bovine sera.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the rapid detection of antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in ovine and bovine sera. Conditions to reduce nonspecific reactions were optimized. The ELISA results correlated with those of a plaque-reduction neutralization test, revealing 100% specificity and 90.7% sensitivity. In sera from sheep and cattle inoculated against RVFV, the hemagglutination-inhibition test in combination with the ELISA provided a better indication of response to killed RVFV vaccine than did either test alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Biological and antigenic characterization of Netivot virus, an unusual new Orbivirus recovered from mosquitoes in Israel.

The antigenic and biological characteristics of a new Orbivirus, designated Netivot virus, are described. This agent was originally recovered in cultures of the C6/36 clone of Aedes albopictus cells from a pool of Culex pipiens captured in Israel. Netivot virus is not pathogenic for newborn mice, nor did it initially produce detectable cytopathic effect (CPE) in Vero cells. It is closely related antigenically to Umatilla and Llano Seco viruses; these 3 agents appear to constitute a new serogroup within the genus Orbivirus. Netivot virus is also more distantly related to a number of other orbiviruses in the blue-tongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer, and Eubenangee serogroups. Netivot virus replicated to high titer and produced CPE in a variety of mosquito cell cultures, but it did not grow in 2 sand fly cell lines. Inoculation of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus with Netivot virus resulted in almost 100% mortality in both species within 15 days after infection. The recovery of this and a number of other yet unidentified viral agents from field-collected mosquitoes in cultures of C6/36 cells, but not in the conventional vertebrate assay systems, suggests the existence in nature of many yet unrecognized mosquito-associated viruses. It also demonstrates the value of using new isolation methods in arbovirus studies.

Aedes↗
PubMed1985

Isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from Anopheles annularis and Anopheles vagus in Lombok, Indonesia.

Three strains of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus were recorded from mosquitoes collected in Lombok, Indonesia, during March 1979, from pools of Anopheles vagus, An. annularis and Culex tritaeniorhynchus respectively. This is believed to be the first report of isolation of JE virus from An. vagus. The frequencies of JE viral infection in zoophilic Anopheles species were higher than in Cx tritaeniorhynchus, the principle vector of JE virus in Asia. The low frequency of infection in Cx tritaeniorhynchus and the relatively infrequent raising of pigs may account for the low prevalence of JE neutralizing antibodies in the human populations of Lombok.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Arthropod studies with rabies-related Mokola virus.

A cell culture-adapted variant of the rabies-related Mokola virus was demonstrated to replicate in inoculated Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Replication was slow compared to many arboviruses in their vectors. Maximum titers were not obtained until after approximately 6 weeks of extrinsic incubation. Mokola virus underwent nine mosquito-mosquito passages at approximately monthly intervals and was thus maintained in insects for 340 days before terminating the study. Virus antigen was detected by immunofluorescence in a variety of mosquito tissues and organs, including salivary glands, but primarily in nervous tissue. Irrefutable virus transmission by bite could not be demonstrated because of equivocal results. Transovarial passage of virus was observed in the mosquito. Viremia in baby mice was demonstrable. Ornithodoros moubata nymphal ticks were exposed to viremic mice but failed to become infected.

Aedes↗
PubMed1983

Monoclonal antibodies against the G1 and nucleocapsid proteins of LaCrosse and Tahyna viruses.

Monoclonal antibodies against the Gl (glycoprotein) and Nc (nucleocapsid) proteins of LaCrosse (LAC) and Tahyna (TAH) viruses were generated using a standard protocol. Monoclonal antibodies against Gl were either neutralizing or non-neutralizing, and there was close concordance between inhibition of hemagglutination and neutralizing activities. The LAC virus neutralizing antibodies could be further subdivided into strain-specific and cross-reactive groups on the basis of both neutralization and inhibition of hemagglutination. These data support the concept of a glycoprotein molecule with three antigenic sites, two involved in neutralization and hemagglutination, and an additional site with no biological function as yet defined. Preliminary information from LAC virus variants selected with these monoclonal antibodies agrees with this interpretation. Anti Nc antibodies were all cross-reactive in an ELISA assay. Patterns of monoclonal cross-reactivity against California serogroup viruses are compared with the currently accepted antigenic relationships.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗