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Biomedical subjects

R E Olson

Publications and source records attributed to R E Olson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

MCMI-II profiles and typologies for patients seen in marital therapy.

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II profiles of 145 patients in marital therapy, seen in a private-practice outpatient setting, were subjected to a hierarchical cluster analysis. Four distinct clusters were found (MCMI-II Codetypes 58B4, 8A6B8B5, 3217, and 37). Each of these clusters suggested different therapeutic goals. There were some scale differences by gender, with women tending to score higher on the Dependent Scale. We argue that private-practice settings generate a wealth of data which can be taken from such files and used to address empirical questions.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

16 PF profiles and typologies for patients seen in marital therapy.

The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the personality characteristics of 145 patients seen in outpatient marital therapy in private practice. Cluster analysis of the entire sample resulted in five separate typologies which were statistically significant and clinically meaningful and which suggested different goals for counseling. Patients seeking marital therapy were significantly more tense, anxious, worrisome, suspicious, bold, and shrewd than the normal persons in the 16 PF standardization sample.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Psychological screening of impotence with Finney's MMPI-derived Impotence Scale.

Three groups of patients in treatment were assessed for impotence, using MMPI-derived Impotence Scale. Group I were 46 patients who had been screened and scheduled for a penile prosthesis when the impotence resulted from known organic causes (biogenic). Group II were 198 patients in a sexual dysfunction clinic, for whom biogenic causes had been ruled out (psychogenic). Group III were 51 substance abusers in drug rehabilitation. While scores on the Impotence Scale did not distinguish between the biogenic and psychogenic groups, the scores were almost three times higher than average scores among subjects in the standardization sample. MMPI-derived Impotence Scale scores were similarly elevated among the substance abusers. Results suggest that the Impotence Scale may serve as a useful screening tool to alert clinicians to the possibility of erectile dysfunction for which further clinical evaluation would be required.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

EXP063, a nonpeptide angiotensin II and beta adrenergic receptor antagonist.

EXP063 (4-[[4-[[3-(N-isopropylamino)-2-hydroxypropyl]oxy]- indole-2-carboxamido]methyl]-2-propyl-1-[(2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)bip henyl-4 - yl)methyl]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid) was designed to possess both the angiotensin II (Ang II) and beta adrenergic receptor antagonistic properties. EXP063 inhibited the specific binding of [125I]Sar1,lle8-Ang II in rat adrenal membranes with Ki values of 3.9 +/- 0.6 nM for the Ang II type 1 and > 1 microM for the Ang II type 2 receptor binding sites. It displaced [3H]dihydroalprenolol in the rat cerebral frontal cortex with a Ki of 80 +/- 13 nM. EXP063 antagonized the contractile effect of Ang II competitively (pA2 = 8.9 +/- 0.1) and selectively in rabbit aorta and guinea pig ileum. EXP063 appears to be a partial beta adrenoceptor agonist as it increased heart rate in vitro and in vivo. At 1 and 10 microM, it inhibited the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol in guinea pig atria. In pithed rats, EXP063 was more potent in blocking the pressor effect of Ang II than the positive chronotropic effect of isoproterenol. In renal hypertensive rats, EXP063 given i.v. produced a long-lasting decrease in blood pressure for at least 6 hr with an ED30 of 0.53 mg/kg. In summary, this study demonstrates that EXP063 is a novel chemical entity possessing both the Ang II and beta adrenergic receptor blocking properties and, thus, represents a promising agent for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1992

Delta-electron emission in fast heavy ion atom collisions.

Biological damages such as mutations, chromosomal aberrations etc. are a consequence of biochemical changes mostly in the DNA. With ionizing radiation, these chemical changes are due to primary ionization events and secondary ionization effects caused by the primarily produced electrons. Differences in the biological response of densely ionizing radiation, like heavy charged particles, in comparison to sparsely ionizing radiation, such as X- or gamma-rays, are mainly due to the differences in the production of the so called delta-electrons. Therefore, the emission process of electrons i.e. the cross section for the primary ionization event as well as the energy and angular distribution of the emitted electrons should be understood in detail. The delta-electron emission processes occuring in fast heavy ion atom collisions are explained qualitatively. The different spectral structures of electron emission arising from either the target or the projectile are explained in terms of simple models of the kinetics of momentum transfer induced by the COULOMB forces. In collisions of very heavy ions with matter, high nuclear COULOMB forces are created. These forces lead to a strong polarization of the electronic states of the participated electrons. The effects of this polarization are discussed.

Argon↗
PubMed1992

Relationship between MCMI-II scales and normal personality traits.

We correlated MCMI-II and 16 PF profiles of 145 couples in outpatient marital therapy and noted significant associations between these tests that were consistently and logically related to constructs which underlie the meaning of the MCMI-II scales. This provided good concurrent validity for both the Personality and Clinical Scales of the MCMI-II. These results add credence to research designed to study Millon's basic styles in normal populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Vitamins and carcinogenesis: an overview.

The pathophysiology of carcinogenesis as a multistage process has been reviewed and the rationale for the action of vitamins and biofactors has been presented. This overview will now be followed by presentations of the actions of retinoids, carotenoids, vitamin D and marine natural products by other members of this Symposium.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Relationship between Wechsler scales and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised scores among disability applicants.

Relationships, including age, race, gender, and IQ level, between the Wechsler intelligence scales (WISC-R, WAIS-R) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) were studied among 206 applicants for disability benefits in a private practice setting. We found that the PPVT-R seriously underestimated WISC-R IQs by an average of 5 points and WAIS-R IQs by an average of 12 points. Results were discussed in terms of psychometric findings and clinical application. The study demonstrates that psychologists in private practice settings can use the product of their daily work to address important questions that require empirical answers, which, in turn, can influence clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

True hermaphroditism in a wild sheep: A clinical report.

Intersexuality in sheep is rare, with the freemartin anomaly being the most common. We describe here a true hermaphrodite in a wild sheep. An F(1) wild sheep ewe of Argali-mouflon X Mexican desert bighorn breeding was bred to an F(1) ram of the same breeding. A single lamb was born with the external appearance of a normal female. The lamb grew faster than its female cohorts, and by 6 months of age exhibited the aggressive behavior, size, coloration and horn development associated with males. Phenotypically, the intersex had female external genitalia with an enlarged clitoris. A human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) response test was performed when the intersex was 1-year-old and serum testosterone, progesterone and estradiol levels were compared to the response of a normal female and male of similar age and breeding. An exploratory celiotomy revealed two gonadal-like structures associated with a female reproductive tract. Histopathology of the structures revealed spermatogenically inactive testicular vessels and ovarian tissue with primary follicles. The reproductive tract was complete with two uterine horns and a cervix. The intersexuality is attributed to an XX/XXY mosaic.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

MCMI comparisons of cocaine abusers and heroin addicts.

Cocaine addicts (N = 107) and opiate addicts (N = 86) in treatment for drug abuse were compared on the MCMI. Univariate analyses revealed that cocaine abusers showed more traits of the antisocial personality style, whereas heroin addicts evinced more problems with anxiety and somatic distress, probably related to residual problems of withdrawal, and alcohol abuse. Multivariate analyses revealed four distinct clusters (MCMI patterns 456', 865', 56', and 8') that aligned by underlying personality style and clinical syndrome expression rather than by drug of choice. Ideographic analyses further demonstrated consistencies in prevalence rates of DSM-III-R personality disorders. Results do not support the pharmacodynamic theory of drug abuse. It was concluded that the similarities in personality between these two groups are greater than their differences.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

MMPI characteristics of drug abusers with and without histories of suicide attempts.

Compared to drug addicts without histories of suicidal attempt (n = 50), drug addicts who have attempted suicide (n = 50) were characterized by higher levels of maladjustment--particularly in the areas of depression, feelings of alienation, and use of projection and externalization--and were more emotionally withdrawn. Certain Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) codetypes appeared in the attempt group that were not present in the no history group. Drug addicts with suicidal ideation but no history of attempt (n = 13) were not significantly different from the other two groups, and their inclusion as a comparison group masked the real differences between the other two groups. The MMPI results suggest it may be possible to identify a suicide attempt group in substance abusers but not when contrasted with a suicidal ideation group. Treatment implications are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Clinical teaching in physical therapy: student and teacher perceptions.

Many practicing physical therapists participate in the most crucial phase of a student's education by serving as Clinical Instructors. The purposes of this study were to identify the clinical teaching behaviors perceived as most effective and most hindering by students and CIs and to compare the response rates of students in bachelor's and master's degree programs. A published 58-item questionnaire was completed by 172 participants from eight physical therapy education programs. The results were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. The perceived most helpful teaching behaviors pertained to providing information through feedback. The perceived most hindering behaviors were intimidating questioning and correcting student errors in the presence of patients. The different student and CI ratings for the item "leaves student alone until asked to supervise" has important ethical and educational implications. Master's and bachelor's degree students' ratings differed significantly on four teaching behaviors. Different instructional methods might be necessary for educating these students.

Behavior↗
PubMed1989

Allied health perceptions of effective clinical instruction.

Clinical instruction is a critical component of allied health education. The purposes of this study were to identify those behaviors of clinical instructors perceived as both most effective and most hindering in facilitating learning, to identify and compare the behaviors of clinical instructors as perceived by two different allied health groups, and to categorize into meaningful domains the behaviors identified. A published 58-item questionnaire was completed by 311 clinical students and instructors from eight physical therapy and ten physician assistant programs. Results were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. Instructor behaviors rated as most helpful in learning included answering questions clearly, taking time for discussion and questions, and providing opportunities for practicing skills. Behaviors most hindering to learning were asking questions in an intimidating manner and correcting student errors in front of patients. Ratings were significantly different (P less than or equal to .001) between the physical therapy and physician assistant groups on 13 items, and posed important considerations for allied health educators.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

A critique of the report of the National Institutes of Health Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol.

In summary, I think the National Cholesterol Education Program could be strengthened if more realistic values for normal and abnormal serum cholesterol levels were adopted, if lipoprotein typing were recommended as an early step in the screening process, if modification of other risk factors were attempted, and if intervention with diet were avoided for persons without other risk factors whose cholesterol levels are below 6.21 mmol/L. A more flexible program of diet therapy should be offered to those persons with serum cholesterol values over 6.21 mmol/L, which should include not only the "prudent diet" but also other dietary regimens with proven benefits. All physicians should make an attempt to carry out this program of preventive cardiology as a long-term clinical investigation to determine the extent to which modification of serum lipid levels in large outpatient populations influences the prognosis for CHD.

Cholesterol, HDL↗