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Biomedical subjects

R E Moore

Publications and source records attributed to R E Moore.

173 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
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Current concepts in pathophysiology and diagnosis of compartment syndromes.

A compartment syndrome is a neurovascular compromise resulting from an increased local tissue pressure. Compartment syndromes can have many etiologies and may arise in any area of the body that has little or no capacity for tissue expansion. The sequelae are severe in the absence of immediate diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis is usually a clinical one but compartment pressure measurements are often helpful. Many methods of treatment have been investigated, but definitive treatment consists of immediate removal of the constricting force, most often accomplished with surgical fasciotomy.

Compartment Syndromes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The structure of ulithiacyclamide B. Antitumor evaluation of cyclic peptides and macrolides from Lissoclinum patella.

The major cytotoxic metabolites of Lissoclinum patella from Pohnpei have been isolated and identified. Most of the cytotoxicity is attributed to a new cyclic peptide, ulithiacyclamide B [4], which is closely related to ulithiacyclamide [1]. The proposed structure of 4 is based on spectroscopic analysis and chemical degradation. Compound 4 exhibits an IC50 of 17 ng/ml against the KB cell line but does not show selective cytotoxicity against solid tumor cells in the Corbett assay.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tolytoxin and new scytophycins from three species of Scytonema.

Tolytoxin [1], the major cytotoxin associated with Scytonema mirabile strain BY-8-1, Scytonema burmanicum strain DO-4-1 and Scytonema ocellatum strains DD-8-1, FF-65-1, and FF-66-3, has been shown to be 6-hydroxy-7-O-methylscytophycin B. Minor amounts of three other new cytotoxic scytophycins, 6-hydroxyscytophycin B [2], 19-O-demethylscytophycin C [3], and 6-hydroxy-7-O-methylscytophycin E [4], have also been isolated from these cyanophytes. The gross structures and stereochemistry are based on nmr and cd analysis and on comparison with scytophycins A-E.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The M1 and Tm antigens require M and N gene-specified amino acids for expression.

It is known that the major red cell sialoglycoprotein (SGP) of M1 + red cells has the same amino acid sequence as M SGP, whereas that of Tm + cells has the same sequence as N SGP. M1 and Tm are serologically demonstrable when a substitution of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine for N-acetyl-neuraminic acid occurs in one or more of the alkali-labile tetrasaccharides bound at positions 2, 3, and/or 4 of M or N SGP, respectively. The authors used two serums containing anti-M and potent anti-M1 and two containing anti-Tm in tests for antibody crossreactivity and cross adsorption and in antibody inhibition studies. The distinct specificities of anti-M1 and anti-Tm, as determined by these studies, show that the M and N gene-specified amino acids are more important than the glycosylation change in the fine structure of M1 and Tm antigens.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Children's access to mental health care: does insurance matter?

Using data from a 1992 community survey of children and their parents (or guardians), we found major gaps in mental health insurance coverage. Interestingly, private insurance had no statistically significant effect on use of mental health services. Youth without insurance coverage and those with public insurance had higher rates of serious emotional disorder than did those with private insurance. The analysis is based on the National Institute of Mental Health's Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (MECA) study, conducted in three mainland U.S. sites and in Puerto Rico.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medicaid and service use among homeless adults.

This paper examines the effect of Medicaid recipiency on the level and site of medical service use among homeless single men and women in New York City. Simple regressions of Medicaid on service use indicate that Medicaid significantly increases the likelihood that homeless individuals receive services, especially emergency and inpatient hospital services. In further analyses that control for health status, use instrumental variables procedures, and examine differences between a similar population in 1985 and 1987, we find that Medicaid neither increases nor diminishes access to emergency rooms. We find some evidence suggesting that Medicaid does improve access to nonhospital medical care.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for urinary screening of fentanyl citrate abuse.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of urinary fentanyl was evaluated as a screening tool for detecting abuse of this potent narcotic. The assay was found to have reproducible calibration curves from 0.5 to 10 ng/mL and a limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL. Interference by proteins, glucose, or pH was negligible. The assay was specific for fentanyl with little cross-reactivity against despropionyl fentanyl and norfentanyl metabolites, other analgesics and common drugs of abuse. To evaluate its use in humans, urines were collected from 57 normal individuals, 48 patients seen in the Emergency Department, and 18 surgical patients receiving either low (50 micrograms) or moderate fentanyl dosage (200 and 250 micrograms) for routine anesthesia. In patients receiving 50 micrograms (a dose consistent with early abuse), urinary fentanyl was detectable for 3 to 10 h post administration. In patients receiving 200 or 250 micrograms (a dose more consistent with addiction), urinary fentanyl was detectable for longer time periods (> 24 h). These results indicate that the ELISA is sensitive for the detection of recent fentanyl exposure under conditions likely to mimic those in abuse and addiction. The assay is simple to perform, reliable, and can be used to screen urine specimens prior to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) confirmation.

Calibration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo expression of P-glycoprotein in a human colon carcinoma xenograft is modulated by therapy with free and monoclonal antibody-conjugated vinca alkaloids.

Well established UCLA-P3 human lung tumor xenografts were significantly regressed by treatment with a monoclonal antibody-vinca immunoconjugate whereas no regressions were observed for the LS174T and SW948 human colon carcinoma xenografts by this therapy. Antibody and complementary DNA probes utilized for detection of the MDR1 gene product and mRNA levels, respectively, revealed that prior to drug treatment the lung tumor had virtually no detectable P-glycoprotein while both colon carcinomas displayed low and heterogeneous expression of this resistance-related protein. It was subsequently determined, however, that the low level of P-glyocoprotein expression observed for one of the colon tumors could be rapidly modulated following therapy with free or MoAb-conjugated vinca. These data indicated that elevated P-glycoprotein levels resulting from drug therapy may play a role in the lack of regression of the human colon xenografts. Most significantly, our results also indicated that the time interval between drug treatment and tissue sampling may be a critical factor to be considered in studies which attempt to correlate P-glycoprotein expression with chemotherapy.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗