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Biomedical subjects

R E Major

Publications and source records attributed to R E Major.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Physiological cost index of walking for normal children and its use as an indicator of physical handicap.

Seventy-two normal children aged between three and 12 years were assessed to establish their walking function. Speed of walking and heart rate were monitored continuously, both barefoot and in shoes, over eight consecutive lengths of a 25m walkway. Since heart rate is affected by speed, the physiological cost index (PCI)--which combines the two parameters--was calculated for each child, both barefoot and in shoes. Speed tends to increase and walking heart rate to decrease with age. However, resting heart rate also decreases with age, so the PCI has the same range for all ages. The mean PCI in shoes was 0.4 and barefoot was 0.38. The PCI for children with pathological gait is appreciably greater than that for normal children, so the PCI is a valuable quantitative indicator of the level of handicap.

Child↗
PubMed1984

The technique of reciprocal walking using the hip guidance orthosis (hgo) with crutches.

An orthotic method of providing reciprocal walking for high thoracic levels of paralysis is detailed. The essential features of the hip guidance orthosis are described, as well as the basic muscle requirements for this form of walking (shoulder, arm and hand function plus Latissimus Dorsi). The walking sequence is described at each stage under the three main headings: mechanics, muscle action and hip guidance orthosis reaction--to build a complete picture of the walking process. The importance of considering the input made by the patient in addition to the purely mechanical orthotic contribution is illustrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The dynamics of walking using the hip guidance orthosis (hgo) with crutches.

The variation of ground reaction forces with time for a complete hgo gait cycle using crutches has been synthesized from video recordings and force platform data. This has led to an understanding of the dynamics of hgo ambulation. The results show that when a patient used the orthosis the crutches provide a subtle control mechanism taking maximum advantage of forward momentum and produce small propulsive forces when needed to make up energy losses.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

One leg swing through gait using two crutches. An analysis of the ground reaction forces and gait phases.

Using a Force Plate the gait cycle for one leg swing-through gait of ten normal subjects on Canadian crutches was monitored, and a composite diagram of forces on the lower limb and both crutches was produced. In addition the relationship of the stance and swing phase for both the lower limb and crutches was studied and the percentage of these phases and their overlap included on the composite diagram. The average maximum vertical ground reaction to the leg was 1.32 body weight, 16 per cent higher than that reported for normal walking. The horizontal force on the lower limb in the direction of walking was 0.35 body weight, compared to 0.15 for normal walking. Vertical ground reaction to crutches was on average 0.54 body weight on the side of the landing leg and 0.51 on the contralateral side. Horizontal ground reaction on the crutches at right angles to the direction of ambulation was 0.09 body weight on the right and 0.08 on the left. The results were considered to indicate caution in the prescription of one leg swing-through gait in subjects with diseased bone and joints in the lower limb.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Instrumentation used in clinical gait studies: a review.

This paper reviews the currently available instrumentation used for gait studies and discusses the clinical suitability of the various methods of recording gait parameters. Most of the presently available motion analysis systems appear to be more suited to research than to the routine clinical situation. However the video vector visualization technique appears to be the most useful clinically since it produces a real time display, is simple to operate and interpretation of the data is easier than other systems available. Some further development of the video vector visualization system is necessary to improve its accuracy and to produce quantitative information.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗