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Biomedical subjects

R E Gray

Publications and source records attributed to R E Gray.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Multiple pulmonary scar carcinomas in a patient with Hodgkin's disease: report of a case and review of the literature.

A case of multiple pulmonary scar carcinomas arising in a 53-year-old woman with Hodgkin's disease is reported. Review of the literature reveals that scar carcinoma is generally thought to arise in areas of bronchiolar epithelial proliferation occurring in association with pre-existing lung scars. However, we and others have emphasized that, given the usual gross and histologic picture of scar carcinoma, it is impossible to state with certainty whether the carcinoma arose in response to the scar tissue, or the scar tissue formed consequent to the occurrence of repeated small foci of tumor necrosis. The association of Hodgkin's disease and multiple malignancies is also discussed.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Reye's syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Cell-free synthesis of leaf protein: Identification of an apparent precursor of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase.

Cytoplasmic mRNA has been isolated from the leaves of pea seedlings. Translation of this RNA in the wheat germ cell-free system produces two major products, RI and RII, with molecular weights of 33,000 and 20,000, respectively. Both of these products are considerably larger than the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase [3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing), EC 4.1.1.39], which is the major product of cytoplasmic protein synthesis in vivo and has a molecular weight of 14,000. Antiserum prepared against the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase precipitates from the cell-free products, in 2-3% yield, three polypeptides of molecular weights 18,000, 16,000 and 14,000. The smallest of these polypeptides is indistinguishable, by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, from the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Although the cell-free product RII is not precipitated with antiserum prepared against the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, the two polypeptides do show extensive sequence homology, as indicated by ion exchange chromatography of their tryptic peptides. The production of RII can also be achieved in a polysome-primed cell-free system, where protein synthesis is restricted to the completion of polypeptide chains that have already been initiated in vivo. These results indicate that RII is apparently a precursor of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. We suggest that the selective transport of cytoplasmically synthesized organelle proteins, like animal secretory proteins, may be achieved via the production of precursor polypeptides.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of physician and patient perspectives on unconventional cancer therapies.

In two related studies about unconventional cancer therapies, patients and physicians were interviewed about their experiences and opinions. In this paper comparisons are made and implications discussed. There was general agreement among physicians and patients about the importance of providing access to information about unconventional approaches for interested patients. However, there were substantial differences in perspective on other issues, including: what constitutes 'unconventional', the helpfulness of typical physician responses to patients interested in or using unconventional therapies, the proper interface between practitioners of conventional and unconventional therapies, the reasons for communication problems (related to unconventional therapies) between physicians and patients, and the proper criteria for making decisions about unconventional therapies. Cancer specialists, family physicians and other health professionals need to look for ways to better understand and meet the needs of their patients with interests in unconventional approaches if they hope to preserve or improve relations.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

To tell or not to tell: patterns of disclosure among men with prostate cancer.

This paper draws on the results of a longitudinal, qualitative study of men with prostate cancer (treated with prostatectomy) and their spouses. Interviews were conducted separately and simultaneously with men and their spouses, at three points in time (pre-surgery, 8-10 weeks post-surgery and 11-13 months post-surgery). The primary focus in the paper is on men's responses to questions about their decisions to share information (or not) with others about their diagnosis and ongoing medical situation. Most men with prostate cancer avoided disclosure about their illness where possible, and placed great importance on sustaining a normal life. Factors related to limiting disclosure included men's low perceived need for support, fear of stigmatization, the need to minimize the threat of illness to aid coping, practical necessities in the workplace, and the desire to avoid burdening others. This study contributes to an understanding of disclosure issues related to prostate cancer, and raises issues about how best to be helpful to men, given their tendency to minimize the impact of illness, and the need for support.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer self-help groups and family physicians.

PURPOSE: Despite the phenomenal growth during the past decade of cancer self-help groups for adult patients with cancer, little research has been conducted to document the interface between these groups and healthcare professionals, especially physicians. This study was initiated to provide information about family physician practices, awareness, and attitudes about self-help groups. DESCRIPTION: A survey questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of Ontario family physicians drawn from the College of Family Physicians of Canada's membership database. RESULTS: A total of 911 completed questionnaires were returned, for a response rate of 64%. A majority (56.8%) of respondents were aware of at least one cancer self-help group in their region; 26.8% of these spoke frequently with their cancer patients about such groups. Most family physicians indicated that they were positively inclined toward cancer self-help groups, giving especially high ratings of helpfulness to sharing common experiences, overcoming isolation, feeling understood, and sharing information. Ratings of potential harm were low, with the most concern expressed about the possible provision of misinformation and the promotion of unconventional therapies. Responses to an open-ended question showed that many family physicians qualify their support for cancer self-help groups, depending on patient need, group composition, and leadership. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Family physicians and other members of the cancer care team should give increased attention to informing cancer patients about the potential benefits of self-help groups. Efforts need to be made to assist cancer self-help groups in developing informational brochures and to ensure that groups are listed in cancer resource directories. Educational initiatives about self-help groups would be useful for family physicians and other health professionals engaged in the care of cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Presurgery experiences of prostate cancer patients and their spouses.

PURPOSE: In this article, the authors describe the experiences of men with prostate cancer and their spouses between diagnosis and surgery. DESCRIPTION: As part of a longitudinal qualitative study, semistructured interviews were held with 34 prostate cancer patients who were waiting for surgery. Separate interviews were held with their spouses. RESULTS: Six main components of experience were evident from the analysis of transcripts related to the presurgery period: 1) the news of a diagnosis of prostate cancer came initially as a shock for both partners, the impact of which lessened over time; 2) the new reality of illness necessitated readdressing the marital relationship, most often resulting in a sense of renewed connection and commitment; 3) the illness crisis precipitated a search for information to guide decisions about treatment; 4) there was a need for couples to decide who to inform about the cancer diagnosis and how much to say about it; 5) couples attempted to seek a semblance of normality in their lives, especially after treatment decisions had been made; and 6) despite attempts to minimize the potential impact of upcoming surgery, anxiety was typically experienced at least intermittently by one or both partners. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Physicians, nurses, social workers, and other health professionals need to facilitate attempts by the patient to gather and synthesize information. Cancer specialists can play a positive role in reducing distress in couples, and, thus, the attention of the specialists to communication issues is critical. The strain of waiting for surgery must be considered when treatment recommendations are made; watchful waiting protocols require further study from a psychological perspective. Clinicians need to be alert to the balance between being positive and carrying on as normal, and acknowledging and dealing with the distress that arises.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A qualitative study of patient perspectives on colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to use qualitative methods to contribute to a complete patient perspective on the psychosocial impact of colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in 20 patients attending a gastrointestinal follow-up clinic at the Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre. The data documented included patient satisfaction and perceptions regarding to quality of care, information received, involvement in decision making, and long-term management of the illness. RESULTS: Overall, patients were satisfied with their treatment, including the quality and timeliness of the information they received, the quality of their healthcare, and the level of involvement in decision making. However, some patients were dissatisfied with information concerning long-term management of their illness. Patient care, including information and social support, was provided by cancer specialists, family physicians, family, and friends. Patients looked to cancer specialists as their primary source of information, but relied on family physicians to fill in gaps in understanding, to provide support, to manage overall care, and to act as a sounding board for ideas and treatment options. Social support was also provided by family and friends. All patients had a relatively positive outlook on their illness experience, although those with colostomies had some added difficulty. Despite the focus on positive change, many patients acknowledged difficulty coping with the side effects of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that patient information needs to be provided in the most common terms and the most straightforward language. Information also may need to be repeated and should include attention to long-term management of the illness. Health professionals should assume that patients may have difficulty in illness management and should encourage a discussion of patients' concerns.

Adaptation, Psychological↗