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Biomedical subjects

R E Gleason

Publications and source records attributed to R E Gleason.

123 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1968

Elevated serum human growth hormone and decreased serum insulin in prediabetic males after intravenous tolbutamide and glucose.

Serum human growth hormone (HGH), serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI), plasma free fatty acids, and blood glucose were measured during intravenous glucose and intravenous tolbutamide tolerance tests in 13 normal and 13 prediabetic (offspring of two diabetic parents) males, closely matched for weight and age. Only prediabetics with normal glucose tolerance during oral, intravenous, and cortisone-primed glucose tolerance tests were evaluated. Mean serum HGH levels were significantly higher in prediabetics in response to intravenous tolbutamide and at the end of the 3-hr intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT). This is interpreted as a hyperresponsiveness of the growth hormone-releasing mechanisms in prediabetic subjects. The insulin response during the first 10 min of an IVGTT was significantly reduced in prediabetic males as compared to normal controls, whereas the insulin response to intravenous tolbutamide was not significantly different at the same time intervals in the same subjects.It appears, therefore, that measuring IRI during an IVGTT can be valuable in detecting the earliest signs of diabetes even before any disturbance of blood glucose homeostasis is seen. The possibility that growth hormone hypersecretion in prediabetics might play a role in the pathogenesis of human diabetes mellitus is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral glucose tolerance: relationship with hemoglobin A1c.

Fifty-two normal non-obese males and 77 male offspring of two diabetic parents, aged 15-72 years, were studied to identify possible reasons for discordance between the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c). Subjects were classified into four study groups: group 1 (n = 83), normal OGTT and normal Hb A1c; group 2 (n = 19), normal OGTT and abnormal Hb A1c; group 3 (n = 9), abnormal OGTT and normal Hb A1c; and group 4 (n = 18), abnormal OGTT and abnormal Hb A1c. Glucose and insulin response were analyzed in each study group. Group 2 showed slightly higher mean glucose areas during the first 60 min of OGTT testing when compared with group 1 (P less than 0.01). Insulin levels, insulin areas and insulin/glucose regression coefficients on group 2 did not differ significantly from group 1 during OGTT. Group 3 showed significantly higher mean blood glucose levels than subjects in group 1 (P less than 0.0001) or group 2 (P less than 0.001), but significantly lower mean blood glucose levels than subjects in group 4 (P less than 0.04) throughout the OGTT. During the OGTT, group 3 showed marked absolute hyperinsulinism when compared with all other groups (P less than or equal to 0.002). Also, relative hyperinsulinism in group 3 was suggested by the elevated insulin/glucose regression coefficient (1.86 +/- 0.50) when compared with group 1 (1.17 +/- 0.09), group 2 (0.92 +/- 0.011) or group 4 (0.55 +/- 0.17) (P less than or equal to 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemoglobin A1c compared with three conventional measures of diabetes control.

Control of diabetes was studied during an 8-wk camp program in 18 insulin-dependent counselors with a mean age of 19.3 yr and a mean duration of diabetes of 11.4 yr. A composite score was obtained for each subject derived from three factors: percent sugar-free urine tests, 24-h glucose excretion as percent of carbohydrate intake, and mean preprandial blood glucose (MPBG). The mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at the end of the period was 8.3 +/- 1.6% (+/ SD) (normal range, 4-6%). Scores ranging from 24 (fair control) to 45 (excellent control) showed a significant inverse correlation with HbA1c (r = 0.807, P less than 0.001) and MPBG (r = -0.674, P less than 0.01). HbA1c showed a significant correlation with the MPBG (r = 0.693, P less than 0.01). The HbA1c level was predicted better by percent sugar-free urine tests than by the 24-h glucose excretion. Thus it appears that accurate quantification of control may be obtained by using a scoring system. Critical comparison of HbA1c levels to various glycemic indices may provide useful alternatives for estimating diabetes control.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased incidence of type I diabetes in children of older mothers.

Analysis of chart data in a large series of patients with juvenile-onset, type I diabetes shows a highly significant (P less than 0.001) increased incidence in the children born to older mothers. Diabetes was also much more frequent in the late-birth-order siblings, and this appears to be an alternative expression of advanced maternal age. This observation suggests that there may be a subset of children who eventually develop type I diabetes and are at increased risk by virtue of being born to older mothers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improvement of lipid status in diabetic boys: the 1971 and 1979 Joslin Camp lipid levels.

Since 1972, young type I diabetic patients seen by Joslin Clinic physicians have been advised to use a low cholesterol diet with a high proportion of polyunsaturated fat. Mean fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels at admission to the Joslin Boys Camp for the years 1971 (N = 129) and 1979 (N = 79) were compared. In 1979, the mean cholesterol level was lower by 44 mg/dl (P less than 0.001) and the mean triglyceride by 21 mg/dl (P less than 0.001) compared with 1971. The incidence of hyperlipoproteinemia decreased from 21.6% to 7.6% with a complete disappearance of types IV and V during the same period. A decrease in the development of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in type I diabetic patients might be anticipated from this diet modification.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alterations in plasma lipids in the presence of mild glucose intolerance in the offspring of two type II diabetic parents.

Plasma lipids and oral glucose tolerance were determined in 67 normal control subjects (age range 19-67 yr) and 150 individuals (17-69 yr) who were offspring of two type II diabetic parents. Age- and weight-adjusted analyses of covariance were performed for lipids and for glucose and insulin responses. For both men and women, the mean concentrations of total, low-density-, and high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol and of triglycerides in the offspring with normal glucose tolerance (N = 109) were similar to respective controls. For offspring with abnormal glucose tolerance (N = 41), the mean levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly elevated (P = 0.02 or less) in women but not in men. The mean HDL-cholesterol levels were 20% lower and LDL/HDL-cholesterol ratios 60% greater in women with abnormal glucose tolerance, whereas no significant differences existed for any of the lipid fractions in men, compared with respective controls. Both men and women with abnormal glucose tolerance had a comparable magnitude of hyperglycemia as well as hyperinsulinemia. These observations indicate that significant alterations in plasma lipids exist in individuals with mild, asymptomatic glucose intolerance and there are important sex differences in lipid metabolism in the early stage of diabetes, despite comparable degrees of glucose intolerance and insulin responses.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A noninvasive electromagnetic flowmeter.

The reliability and reproducibility of peripheral blood flow data obtained by a noninvasive electromagnetic flowmeter were tested using seven male and three female volunteers aged 15-46 years. Each subject was studied under multiple testing conditions in which time, subject's metabolic state, and electrode placement were varied. Each condition was repeated within 1 to 8 weeks to obtain test-retest data. Intraclass reliability coefficients of 0.864-0.998 were obtained on all pulsatile components both within a given measurement sessions and from one day to the next. The size and shape of the waveforms obtained from the data did not significantly differ from one another, thus indicating excellent reproducibility. No significant differences were found between data obtained from the right leg and that obtained from the left. The noninvasive electromagnetic flowmeter was found capable of providing reliable and reproducible data. For data analysis, the second of two consecutive curves seems to be the best choice for clinical assessment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of acute ethanol ingestion on estrogen levels in postmenopausal women using transdermal estradiol.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether acute alcohol ingestion raises estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) levels in a randomized, controlled, crossover study on postmenopausal women using transdermal E2. METHODS: Healthy, non-smoking postmenopausal women (n = 7) using no medications were enrolled. Transdermal E2, 0.15 mg, was applied 13 hours before the subjects ingested alcohol (1 mL/kg 95% ethanol) or isocaloric carbohydrate punch. Serum samples were obtained for 40 minutes before drink ingestion and 6 hours after drink ingestion and were assayed for E2 and E1. RESULTS: Ethanol levels peaked 60 minutes after the start of ethanol-drink ingestion, at 25.4 mmol/L (117 mg/dL). Estradiol levels rose significantly above the mean baseline of 657 pmol/L (179 pg/mL) after ethanol-drink ingestion (P < or = .01), with a mean peak of 804 pmol/L (219 pg/mL) 35 minutes after the start of drink ingestion, and were significantly greater than the E2 levels that followed the carbohydrate drink (P < or = .0001). There were no significant changes in E2 or E1 levels after carbohydrate-drink ingestion. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that ethanol ingestion may acutely raise circulating E2 concentrations in women using transdermal E2.

Administration, Cutaneous↗