STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the analgesic dose of picenadol hydrochloride equal to codeine 60 mg in a dental pain model. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, parallel, dose-response study. SETTING: Four university-based dental clinics. PATIENTS: Four hundred eight adult patients with moderate or severe pain after extraction of one or more impacted molar teeth plus bone removal. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received orally administered single doses of picenadol 15 and 30 mg, codeine phosphate 30 and 90 mg, or placebo. METHODS: Single oral doses of picenadol 15 and 30 mg, an opioid agonist-antagonist, were compared with codeine 30 and 90 mg and placebo in 408 patients with moderate or severe pain from third molar extraction in a randomized, double-blind, parallel study. Assessments were performed for pain intensity, pain relief, and adverse events for up to 6 hours after drug administration. MAIN RESULTS: Picenadol 30 mg and codeine 90 mg were more effective than placebo based on sum of pain intensity differences, total pain relief, peak pain relief, and duration of analgesia (p < 0.05). Compared with placebo, the frequency of adverse events was highest for patients receiving codeine 90 mg (p < 0.05). No patients discontinued due to adverse events, and all such events resolved spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Picenadol 22 mg was estimated to be equianalgesic to codeine 60 mg, and picenadol 30 mg was safe in this dental pain model.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cortical dysplasia.

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Brain Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of an MM 22 medical microtron 6-MV photon beam.

Instrument AB Scanditronix offers a 6-MV therapeutic photon beam as an option with the 22-MeV medical microtron (MM 22). The method of acceleration, target assembly, and use of two flattening filters produce beams having several characteristics (e.g., field flatness, penetration, and intensity) that are superior to many 6-MV Linac beams. Characteristics of the microtron's 6-MV photon beams including quality, surface dose, depth of maximum dose, peak dose rates, peak scatter factors, central axis percentage depth doses, tissue maximum ratios, and beam profiles are described.

Humans↗

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Characteristics of electron beams from a medical microtron.

The Instrument AB Scanditronix MM22 medical microtron provides ten electron beam energies from approximately 3 to 22 MeV. Isodose curves, depth dose curves, field uniformity, and other characteristics were measured in water and in polystyrene. The method of acceleration, dual scattering foil system, and collimation technique produce beams having features superior to many other medical electron accelerators. Maximum dose rates at isocenter varied from about 500 to over 900 cGy min-1, photon contamination from 0.6% to 4.1%, and surface doses from 70% to 95% of the maximum. Depth dose curves were indistinguishable from those with identical practical ranges of a scanned beam linac at energies less than 18 MeV, and field flatness was clearly superior to the scanned beam linac at standard treatment distances.

Electrons↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Spinal metastasis in primitive neuroectodermal tumors (medulloblastoma) of the posterior fossa: evaluation with CT myelography and correlation with patient age and tumor differentiation.

Twelve consecutive children with primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the posterior fossa (PNET-PF) were evaluated for spinal metastases with CT metrizamide myelography (CTMM) in the early postoperative period. Metastases were identified in 5 children (42%) and all were noted to have deposits in the thoracic region. All children with metastases were less than 3 years old and had differentiated PNET-PF.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Scalp hamartoma in identical twins.

Identical twin male infants had scalp hamartomas removed from the occipital region. The histologic features and genetic implications of these unusual lesions are discussed.

Diseases in Twins↗