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Biomedical subjects

R E Gallagher

Publications and source records attributed to R E Gallagher.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Gender and early environmental influences on activity, overresponsiveness, and exploration.

One hundred eighty-five rats reared in either an enriched or restricted environment were tested during adulthood to determine the influence of gender and rearing environment on 3 related response characteristics, activity, overresponsiveness, and exploratory behavior. Eight experiments were performed. It was found that although females are more active than males, rearing environment does not influence behavior in the running wheel or open field. When tested in a complex compartmentalized open field, females in general and restricted rats are significantly more active than enriched males. In addition, over subsequent testing, restricted animals are increasingly responsive and fail to habituate to the testing stimuli. When tested and retested for maze learning ability, males excel over females; enriched rats maintain their ability to outperform restricted rats, although both groups had previously learned the problem. Moreover, enriched rats demonstrate a greater tendency to explore and make irrelevant section entries on a maze that is problem free. Restricted rats, specifically, and females generally, have difficulty suppressing a learned repetitious pattern of rewarded responding when it is subsequently punished; restricted rats were deficient in the ability to passively avoid or escape noxious stimuli. These experiments, as well as supporting evidence in the literature, indicate that rats reared in a restricted environment develop a limited behavioral repertoire which is characterized by a generalized tendency to overrespond, a propensity towards perseverating in repetitious patterns of limited and circumscribed responding, and a failure to habituate to repeated contact with novel stimuli.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Normal functional characteristics of cultured human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) after induction of differentiation by dimethylsulfoxide.

The HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line can be induced to terminally differentiate to mature myeloid cells sharing a number of functional characteristics with normal granulocytes including response to chemoattractants, development of complement receptors, phagocytosis, superoxide production, and nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction. Hence the Me2SO-induced HL-60 cells provide a unique in vitro model for studying various important aspects of human myeloid cell differentiation.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1979

Gibbon ape leukemia virus-Hall's Island: new strain of gibbon ape leukemia virus.

Gibbon ape leukemia virus-Hall's Island (GaLV-H), a type C virus related to previous isolates of GaLV and simian sarcoma virus, was isolated from a gibbon ape with lymphocytic leukemia from a small colony of free-ranging gibbon apes on Hall's Island near Bermuda. We show here by molecular hybridization experiments that GaLV-H is approximately 60% related to three previous isolates of GaLV (GaLV-SF, GaLV-SEATO, and GaLV-Br) and is less closely related to simian sarcoma virus. The oligopyrimidine pattern of a transcript of the terminal 135 +/- 5 nucleotides of the viral RNA of GaLV-H is similar to that of GALV-Br but distinct from that of GaLV-SF and simian sarcoma virus. GaLV-H thus represents a fifth distinct strain of the infectious primate type C viruses, which among the previously described isolates of GaLV is most closely related to GaLV-Br.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Antigenic characterization of a new gibbon ape leukemia virus isolate: seroepidemiologic assessment of an outbreak of gibbon leukemia.

A type-C virus recently isolated from a leukemic gibbon in a colony located on Hall's Island, Bermuda, was characterized with respect to the antigenic properties of its gag and env gene-coded proteins. This virus, designated GaLV-H, was found to be closely related immunologically to type-C viruses previously isolated from gibbons (GaLV-SF, GaLV-SEATO, GaLV-Br) and from woolly monkey (SSAV). However, GaLV-H was readily differentiated from these isolates in a radioimmunoassay for its env gene product, gp70. Seroepidemiology established that GaLV-H was horizontally transmitted among gibbons within the colony. There was no evidence of exposure leading to an immune response to the virus or viral antigenemia in humans working in association with these animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Terminal differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells induced by dimethyl sulfoxide and other polar compounds.

A human leukemic cell line (designated HL-60) has recently been established from the peripheral blood leukocytes of a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia. This cell line displays distinct morphological and histochemical commitment towards myeloid differentiation. The cultured cells are predominantly promyelocytes, but the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide to the culture induces them to differentiate into myelocytes, metamyelocytes, and banded and segmented neutrophils. All 150 clones developed from the HL-60 culture show similar morphological differentiation in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide. Unlike the morphologically immature promyelocytes, the dimethyl sulfoxide-induced mature cells exhibit functional maturity as exemplified by phagocytic activity. A number of other compounds previously shown to induce erythroid differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia (Friend) cells can induce analogous maturation of the myeloid HL-60 cells. The marked similarity in behavior of HL-60 cells and Friend cells in the presence of these inducing agents suggests that similar molecular mechanisms are involved in the induction of differentiation of these human myeloid and murine erythroid leukemic cells.

Butyrates↗
PubMed1978

Oncornavirus lytic activity in the serum of gibbon apes.

Fresh blood serum from normal gibbon apes (Hylobates lar) contained heat-sensitive lytic activity for various mammalian oncornaviruses. Lytic activity quantitatively similar to that in gibbon serum was demonstrated in serum from three other primate species, including man; it was demonstrated to be low or absent in lower mammalian species with the exception of domestic cats, which had intermediate levels of serum lytic activity. Gibbons that acquired infectious gibbon ape leukemia virus, either naturally by exposure to a virus-shedding ape or experimentally by deliberate virus inoculation, had the same levels of serum lytic activity as did unexposed gibbons that had no detectable antibodies to gibbon ape leukemia virus. A leukemic-viremic gibbon had low or absent serum oncornavirus lytic activity. These results indicated that serum lytic activity does not necessarily protect against infection by oncornaviruses, although it may limit virus replication and/or dissemination.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Interpersonal problem solving: a theoretical perspective and methodology for the evaluation of residency education and its' relationship to health care processes and outcomes.

The study conceptualizes and implements an interaction model of interpersonal problem solving in the clinical milieu. This method of representing the interpersonal problem solving process and its relation to patient adherence is shown as an important tool for the evaluation of residency programs.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1976

Primate type-C virus nucleic acid sequences (woolly monkey and baboon types) in tissues from a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia and in viruses isolated from cultured cells of the same patient.

Cultured peripheral blood leukocytes from a woman (patient HL23) with acute myelogenous leukemia produced type-C RNA tumor viruses (HL23V). The viruses were analyzed by molecular hybridization experiments after transmission to five secondary cell culture lines. Using the criteria of molecular hybridization, we concluded that all of the transmitted virus isolates have nucleotide sequences related to the genome of simian sarcoma virus (SiSV). In addition, in agreement with data reported elsewhere, some of the transmitted viruses also have nucleotide sequences related to those of the baboon endogenous virus (BaEV). We also used molecular hybridization to ascertain whether both viruses could have originated from the patient HL23. Utilizing [3H] cDNA complementary to RNA from the separated BaEV-related component of HL23V and hybridizing this cDNA to DNA from tissues of the patient, we detected sequences related to BaEV in DNA obtained from the patient's spleen. These BaEV DNA sequences were also detectable when 125I-labeled RNA from BaEV was used as a probe. In agreement with earlier results, however, no SiSV-related sequences were detectable in the DNA of her tissues. Cytoplasmic viral-like particles, which had a buoyant density of 1.15-1.2 g/ml and were capable of synthesizing cDNA in association with a 35S RNA in vitro, were also found in the patient's fresh uncultured leukemic blood cells. cDNA synthesized by the cytoplasmic particles contained some sequences that hybridized to RNA from SiSV and, in addition, some that hybridized to RNA from BaEV. The cDNA also hybridized significantly to DNA isolated from the spleen of patient HL23 and to cytoplasmic RNA from the patient's leukocytes. These molecular hybridization results with nucleic acids obtained from the fresh blood cells of the patient, combined with the repeated isolation of similar viruses from different blood and bone marrow samples from the same patient, suggest that the virus come directly from the leukemic cell samples. The finding of BaEV-related DNA proviral sequences in the spleen of the patient strongly supports this interpretation. The failure so far to find a complete SiSV-related provirus is perplexing, but could be attributable to the existence of such a provirus in DNA of only a small population of cells in most leukemic patient.

Base Sequence↗