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Biomedical subjects

R E Ellis

Publications and source records attributed to R E Ellis.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Demonstration of a geode by magnetic resonance imaging: a new light on the cause of juxta-articular bone cysts in rheumatoid arthritis.

The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of a rheumatoid arthritic geode are presented. Development of such a cyst from before x ray diagnosis to its coalescence with the wrist joint is described. The evidence suggests that these juxta-articular cysts are not merely an intrusion of the synovial cavity into the bone marrow but start as isolated structures beneath the subchondral bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Coordination of sucking, swallowing and breathing in the newborn: its relationship to infant feeding and normal development.

Non-invasive, sensitive equipment was designed to record nasal air flow, the timing and volume of milk flow, intraoral pressure and swallowing in normal full-term newborn babies artificially fed under strictly controlled conditions. Synchronous recordings of these events are presented in chart form. Interpretation of the charts, with the aid of applied anatomy, suggests an hypothesis of the probable sequence of events during an ideal feeding cycle under the test conditions. This emphasises the importance of complete coordination between breathing, sucking and swallowing. The feeding respiratory pattern and its relationship to the other events was different from the non-nutritive respiratory pattern. The complexity of the coordinated patterns, the small bolus size which influenced the respiratory pattern, together with the coordination of all these events when milk was present in the mouth, emphasise the importance of the sensory mechanisms. The discussion considers (1) the relationship between these results, those reported by other workers under other feeding conditions and the author's (WGS) clinical experience, (2) factors which appear to be essential to permit conventional bottle feeding and (3) the importance of the coordination between the muscles of articulation, by which babies obtain their nourishment in relation to normal development and maturation.

Child Development↗
PubMed1989

Respiratory patterns associated with swallowing: Part 1. The normal adult pattern and changes with age.

Simple, non-invasive equipment was designed to record respiratory patterns associated with swallowing food or drink in young and elderly healthy adults, to compare with neurologically impaired patients who complained of dysphagia. The timing of the entry of the test drink from a spoon into the mouth, the swallow event and respiration were recorded electronically and were presented in chart form. The equipment proved to be easy to use and the results were consistent. All 33 subjects showed a well-defined respiratory pattern, with individual minor variations, but different from the pattern of their resting respiration. The direction of respiration during spoon contact was consistent for each individual and the pharyngeal stage of swallowing was almost always followed by a large expiration. Thus the resting respiration is not simply arrested during swallowing, but is substituted by a different, well-controlled pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Respiratory patterns associated with swallowing: Part 2. Neurologically impaired dysphagic patients.

The co-ordination of respiration and swallowing was recorded electronically in three groups of patients who complained of dysphagia following a stroke, or associated with multiple sclerosis or motor neurone disease. The test used was simple and the equipment easily taken to the patient, in bed if necessary. All the patients showed differences from normal subjects and there were differences between each of the neurologically impaired groups. The technique appears to allow an assessment of the state of oropharyngeal motor and sensory functions separately during swallowing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The effect of tongue position on division of airflow in the presence of velopharyngeal defects.

Results of studies of nasal to oral airflow ratios are reported using simple and accurate anatomical models to record the effect of differing positions of lips, tongue and soft palate, with particular reference to the effect of the position of the dorsum of the tongue and various sizes of velopharyngeal defect. The resistances to airflow produced by the labial, palatolingual, velopharyngeal and naral valves were found to be interdependent. Variations in tongue position alone could allow the same nasal airflow during a more than three-fold variation in the size of velopharyngeal defects. The degree of nasal escape of air which is responsible for the typical "cleft palate" type of speech cannot be assessed by observation of the size of the velopharyngeal defect alone.

Cleft Palate↗
PubMed1986

The rDNA of C. elegans: sequence and structure.

We have sequenced one complete rDNA tandem repeat from the nematode C. elegans. By comparative analysis we derive secondary structures for the 18s, 5.8s, and 26s rRNA molecules, and comment on other important features of the sequence. We also present the sequence of a junction between the rDNA and non-ribosomal DNA. Finally, we use our data to quantify the evolutionary relationships among several organisms currently studied in developmental biology.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Multi-element analysis of the human body using neutron activation.

The calibration described is of the Leeds in vivo neutron activation facility for the simultaneous measurement of total body Na, Cl, P, Ca, N and K. The effects of body size and shape have been incorporated into the calibration using a variable anthropomorphic phantom. The main interfering reactions are considered, and the method by which the results are corrected for these interferences described. The accuracy and precision of the technique have been determined. The procedure is suitable for measuring the critically ill since both irradiation and counting are performed with the patient lying supine. For a whole body dose equivalent of 0.5 mSv nitrogen was measured with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.2%; potassium was measured in the same counting period with a CV of 1.6%. Using a dose equivalent of 5 mSv sodium (2.2%), chlorine (1.6%) and phosphorus (2.9%) were also determined; for a 10 mSv dose equivalent calcium was measured with a CV of 3%.

Body Composition↗
PubMed1982

The feasibility of measuring total body carbon by counting neutron inelastic scatter gamma rays.

A technique is examined for measuring the mass of carbon of both ambulatory and non-ambulatory subjects. The method is based upon the detection of the 4.43 MeV gamma rays emitted from carbon nuclei when the body is irradiated with fast neutrons. The supine subject is irradiated laterally by a horizontal collimated beam of 14 MeV neutrons and the emitted gamma rays are counted by a shielded NaI(Tl) detector placed underneath the subject. The method has been calibrated for all sizes of subjects from 30 to 90 kg and there appears to be no significant interference from the other bulk elements of the body. Body carbon has been measured in six normal volunteers; body nitrogen was also determined by measuring the 13N induced in each subject in a second irradiation. Body fat was estimated from the measured carbon and nitrogen, and the values compared with those derived from skinfold thicknesses. The technique is proposed as a method of estimating long-term energy expenditure.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1981

Chlamydial genital infections: manifestations and management.

Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is an important cause of nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, and may be the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Associated complications include epididymitis, proctitis, salpingitis, bartholinitis, arthritis, perihepatitis, and endocarditis. Perinatal transmission of infection may result in neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis and/or pneumonia of infancy. Chlamydial genital infection should be suspected in a patient (male or female) who presents with a gonorrhea-like syndrome but whose laboratory studies fail to demonstrate Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Such patients, together with their sex partners, should receive antichlamydial therapy; the uncomplicated genital infections respond well to oral treatment with tetracycline, erythromycin, and sulfonamide. The most important cause of treatment failure in nongonococcal urethritis is lack of simultaneous treatment of both patient and partner.

Erythromycin↗