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R E Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to R E Anderson.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The recruitment of pathology residents: a 1987 conference report on challenges and responses.

There is general agreement within pathology that there is a serious problem in the recruitment of US medical graduates into the field. Basic to this decline is inadequate exposure of medical students to the pathologist as a physician who is important to the care of patients and open to a range of clinical and research opportunities unparalleled in other medical specialties. Programs designed to increase the familiarity of students with pathology, both within the curriculum and outside of it, beginning before medical school and extending after medical school, have been proposed to reverse the downtrend in recruitment. Changes in the basic structure of pathology training programs, which would shorten the time commitment, are also considered important in increasing the attractiveness of a pathology career.

Foreign Professional Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Clinical and serum lipid findings in a large family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.

Retinitis pigmentosa, of unknown cause, has recently been associated with decreased amounts of the polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, in the plasma of affected as compared with unaffected relatives. It has been suggested that this finding may serve as a marker for the disease and might indicate alterations in photoreceptor cell metabolism. The authors studied 54 members of a family with dominantly inherited retinitis pigmentosa in five generations. In addition to the typical clinical findings of retinitis pigmentosa, eight persons also had a bull's eye maculopathy, and four persons had uni- or bilateral optic nerve drusen. When the authors determined the plasma fatty acid and lipid contents, they saw the expected age-related effect on cholesterol and triglycerides, but an unexpected, significant reduction in fatty acids in the unaffected controls as compared with persons with retinitis pigmentosa. The authors' results emphasize the heterogeneity of phenotypic expression of retinitis pigmentosa within a single family.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effect of low-dose irradiation upon T cell subsets involved in the response of primed A/J mice to SaI cells.

A/Jax (A/J) mice primed to Sarcoma I (SaI) exhibit an augmented response in association with low-dose (0.15 Gy) irradiation. This phenomenon is best demonstrated in tumour neutralization (Winn assay) or cell transfer experiments utilizing mice depleted of thymus-derived (T) cells. It is particularly dependent upon the duration of priming and the growth characteristics of the tumour in the primary host. The importance of these two variables appears to relate to their influence upon the cell types responsible for the host response, and includes both an effector and a suppressor component. Radiation-induced inhibition of the suppressor component appears responsible for low-dose augmentation and results in injury to a T cell of the Lyt-1-2+ phenotype. In Winn assays employing equal numbers of immune spleen cells and SaI cells, the smallest tumours are associated with Lyt-1-positive (Lyt-1+2- and Lyt-1+2+) cells and exposure to 0.15 Gy markedly inhibits their anti-SaI activity. Thus, even though the effect is in the opposite direction, both the effector and suppressor components of the anti-SaI response in A/J mice are exceedingly radiosensitive.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Special report--National Manpower Survey of 1987. Manpower needs in community hospital and private laboratory practice of pathology.

A new survey of manpower requirements in the community hospital and private laboratory practice of pathology has been completed and analyzed. The survey used a new instrument, the National Pathology Manpower Database, which will be useful in conducting longitudinal surveys. This instrument will permit organized pathology to monitor changes in pathology manpower needs in the years ahead, which are likely to be fraught with change. The results of this survey foretell a significant deficit of pathologists in community hospital and private laboratory practice within the next five years.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed1988

Video-based image collection for quantitative histopathology.

Obtaining histologic images for computer-based morphometric analysis is associated with a number of standardization problems, which must be solved if reproducible data collection is expected. These problems include tissue processing, sectioning and staining, standardizing and calibrating the video camera and determining the appropriate sampling rate (pixels/micron). Suggested solutions for these problems are presented for a specific image analysis system, but are applicable to other systems with similar capabilities. Biologic variability is not eliminated by computer-assisted analysis, so it is important to minimize data-collection artifacts by parallel processing of experimental and control material, as in other investigative work.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Regional distribution of glutathione peroxidase and Glutathione-S-transferase in adult and premature human retinas.

The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GSH-S-tase) were investigated in adult and premature human retinas. The measurements were done in the vascular and avascular regions of premature retinas at gestational age of 22-33 weeks and in the central, mid-peripheral, and far peripheral regions of mature retinas from the age of 1 month to 73 years. Among the premature infants, those who survived for greater than 24 hours were supplemented with alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) on a periodic basis. The vascular and avascular regions of premature retinas had higher activities of GSH-Px when compared to the central and far peripheral regions of mature retinas. Infants surviving more than 24 hr had higher activities of GSH-S-tase in the avascular region than infants who survived less than 24 hr. Survival did not affect either enzyme activity in the vascular regions. Mature retinas showed a decrease in GSH-Px specific activity with age, but no age-related changes in GSH-S-tase were observed. These data demonstrate that premature infants are born with relatively high levels of GSH-Px and GSH-S-tase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The regional distribution of vitamins E and C in mature and premature human retinas.

Vitamin E is used to ameliorate retinopathy of prematurity, but little is known about baseline vitamin E levels in retinas of premature infants or the effect of vitamin E supplementation on these levels. Vitamin E and C levels were measured in mature retinas (1 month to 73 years) and in retinas of premature infants (22 to 33 weeks of gestation). The infants fell into two groups: (1) those who survived less than 12 hr and received no vitamin E, and (2) those who survived greater than 4 days and received vitamin E supplementation. Premature infants are born with 5 to 12 percent the vitamin E levels found in mature retinas. Vitamin E levels in vascular and avascular retina of premature infants increased with gestation. Infants born greater than 27 weeks gestation and surviving at least 4 days with vitamin E supplementation demonstrated markedly elevated vitamin E levels in vascular and avascular retina when compared to supplemented infants less than 27 weeks gestation. Premature infants possessed 35-50% higher levels of retinal vitamin C than those found in mature retinas. These data demonstrate that premature infants are born with relatively low levels of retinal vitamin E, particularly in the avascular region, but contain an abundance of retinal vitamin C. These data further suggest that vitamin E supplementation results in a rapid increase in retinal vitamin E levels, particularly in infants greater than 27 weeks gestational age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Male-to-female transmission of human immunodeficiency virus.

Ninety-seven female sexual partners of 93 men infected with human immunodeficiency virus were studied. All of the women had sexual contact within the year before their partner had been diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or was found to have a positive reaction on the human immunodeficiency virus serologic test. Fifty-seven percent were the partners of bisexual men. Overall, 23% of the women were infected (95% confidence interval, 15% to 32%). The total number of exposures to the index case (sexual contacts with ejaculation) and the specific practice of anal intercourse, also with the infected partner, were associated with transmission. Neither condom use, total number of sexual partners since 1978, nor lifetime number of sexually transmitted diseases was associated with infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Factors influencing discrepancies between premortem and postmortem diagnoses.

A study of 2067 autopsies collected from 32 university and community hospitals of various sizes located throughout the United States showed the rate of discrepancies between premortem and postmortem diagnoses to be influenced by the type and size of hospital, the age and sex of the patient, and the disease responsible for the patient's death. Of equivocal or no influence were the length of the terminal hospitalization, the degree of clinical involvement in the case of the person responsible for establishing the discrepancy level, and the autopsy rate, at least as it applies to community hospitals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Cause of death. Proper completion of the death certificate.

Mortality statistics derived from death certificates are the only continuously collected, population-based, disease-related information available in most parts of the world, including the United States. For this reason, every effort must be made to ensure that the most specific, accurate, and complete information regarding cause of death is registered on death certificates. This article discusses identification of the underlying and immediate causes of death, the mechanism and manner of death, and completion of the medical certification section of the death certificate. Examples are given to illustrate the appropriate sequencing of causal information and the selection of the proper underlying cause of death.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Clinical, immunologic, and serologic findings in men at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The San Francisco Men's Health Study.

Forty-nine percent of homosexual/bisexual men were positive for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a population-based probability sample of 1034 single men recruited from San Francisco. All heterosexual men were negative. Among seropositive men, marked lymphadenopathy was present in 29%, and 16% had at least two other symptoms or signs suggestive of HIV infection. However, lymphadenopathy alone failed to indicate severity of immune impairment. The occurrence of two or more clinical signs and symptoms, except for marked lymphadenopathy, correlated with HIV infection, diminished skin test reactivity, and reduction in Leu 3a T cells. Twenty-nine percent of seropositive men had fewer than 400 absolute Leu 3a T helper cells per microliter (less than 0.4 X 10(9)/L). Seronegative homosexual/bisexual men did not differ from heterosexual men in any clinical or laboratory variables except for increased numbers of suppressor Leu 2a T suppressor cells per microliter.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Sexual practices and risk of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. The San Francisco Men's Health Study.

The San Francisco Men's Health Study is a prospective study of the epidemiology and natural history of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a cohort of 1034 single men, 25 to 54 years of age, recruited by multistage probability sampling. At entry, June 1984 through January 1985, the seropositivity rate for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among homosexual/bisexual study participants was 48.5%. No heterosexual participants were HIV seropositive. Among homosexual/bisexual men reporting no male sexual partners in the two years before entry into the study, seropositivity was 17.6%. For those reporting more than 50 partners, seropositivity was 70.8%. Only receptive anal/genital contact had a significantly elevated risk of HIV infection. Douching was the only ancillary sexual practice that contributed significantly to risk of infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

A technique for accurate placement of episcleral iodine-125 plaques.

Confirmation of iodine-125 plaque position was determined with a modified fiberoptic light pipe that directed light at right angles to the long axis of the fiberoptic pipe. While the examiner observed the interior of the eye with indirect ophthalmoscopy, the point source of light from the fiberoptic light pipe was moved along the margins of the episcleral plaque. The position of the plaque relative to the location of the underlying melanoma could then be verified by transillumination.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1987

Partial characterization of a mitomycin-C resistant T cell.

A cell resistant to concentrations of mitomycin-C associated with the inactivation of many in vitro immune responses is described. This cell is responsive to concanavalin A (Con A), poorly adherent to nylon wool, present in relatively greater numbers in lymph node than other lymphoid tissues, and is relatively radiosensitive. In part, the resistance of this T cell appears to relate to a reduced activity of a microsomal reductase responsible for converting mitomycin-C to its more active form. Discrepancies in reductase activity may represent a way to differentiate among subsets of lymphocytes.

Animals↗