Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Drew

Publications and source records attributed to R Drew.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Phagocyte dysfunction in common variable immune deficiency.

The history of a 13-year old boy is reported who suffered from frequent bacterial, enteroviral, and protozoal infections since late infancy. A decrease in the serum levels of IgG2, IgG3, IgA, a neutrophil dysfunction, and a partial cellular immune deficiency could be demonstrated. A deficiency of folic acid produced a pancytopenia which enhanced the patient's susceptibility to infections. The combined substitution of gammaglobulins and folic acid only was able to break this vicious cycle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The dominance of vertebral column fractures associated with neurologic deficits among survivors of light-plane accidents.

The vertebral injuries sustained by 13 survivors of four light-plane crashes were reviewed. Eight patients sustained major nonvertebral injuries. Eleven patients sustained 18 lower thoracic and/or upper lumbar fractures. Eighty-five per cent of the fractures involved T12, L1, L2, or L3. Seven patients sustained vertebral burst fractures; ten sustained vertebral flexion fractures. In nine patients these vertebral fractures had associated fracture-dislocations of the posterior pedicles. Eight of these nine patients (89%) developed neurologic deficits of the conus medullaris and/or cauda equina. The severity and time of onset of these neurologic deficits were similar for the occupants of each aircraft. Downward vertical deceleration and rotational violence were the dominant forces which inflicted the vertebral column fractures which resulted in neurologic deficits.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1977

Hexobarbital pharmacokinetics in rats after ligation of the common bile duct.

Rats, with and without bile duct ligation (BDL), were injected with hexobarbital (i.p. and i.v.) and blood concentrations measured as a function of time. Analysis of these curves using a single-compartment model showed that BDL altered hexobarbital pharmacokinetics in a manner dependent upon the duration of BDL and the route of administration of hexobarbital. Clearance from the blood and the rate constant for elimination (K) were reduced after 72-hour BDL but not after 12-hour BDL. The absorption of hexobarbital after intraperitoneal injection was slowed by 12- and 72- hour BDL. Seventy-two-hour BDL also increased the volume of distribution of hexobarbital but only when the drug was administered intraperitoneally. These data are consistent with previously reported data showing impairment of hepatic microsomal drug metabolism after 72-hour BDL, but not after 12-hour BDL. We also confirmed earlier speculations that BDL decreased the absorption of intraperitoneally-administered hexobarbital, although this does not appear to be a significant factor in prolonging hexobarbital sleeping time.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The expediency of peritoneal lavage for blunt trauma in children.

Two hundred and thirty children, ten years of age or younger, suspected of having blunt abdominal injuries underwent diagnostic peritoneal lavage. Peritoneal lavage was 99.1 per cent accurate in determining the presence or absence of abdominal injuries. One patient had a false-positive peritoneal lavage. Sixty-nine of the 70 patients with blunt abdominal injuries, who underwent peritoneal lavage, had a positive peritoneal lavage; one patient had a false-negative peritoneal levage. Ninety-one per cent of the positive peritoneal lavages were grossly positive for hemoperitoneum. All 11 children with extraperitoneal abdominal injuries had positive peritoneal lavages from associated intraperitoneal injeries. The mortality for children with blunt abdominal injuries was 19.4 per cent. Intra-abdominal injuries were solely responsible for 29 per cent of the deaths and were a major contributing factor in an additional 21 per cent of the deaths. The routine use of diagnostic peritoneal lavage during the initial evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma was, in large part, responsible for the rapid, definitive treatment which -he children with abdominal injuries received. Sixty-five per cent of the children underwent exploratory laparotomy within one hour of admission to the hospital.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1975

A quantitative study of the distribution of IgG sub-classes in a group of normal human sera.

The radial immunodiffusion method of Mancini has been applied to quantitative study of IgG subclasses in a normal population. The method was assessed in terms of both reproducibility and antiserum consumption. The distribution of IgG subclasses in a group of normal individuals was studied, and compared with their incidence in a series of monoclonal proteins investigated by previous workers and particularly with other quantitative studies on groups of normal individual's sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of Corynebacterium parvum therapy on immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass levels in cancer patients.

Detailed serological studies have been undertaken in a small group of cancer patients receiving nonspecific immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum). These patients included 4 cases of recurrent malignant melanoma, 2 of stomach cancer and 2 of recurrent breast cancer. They all received an initial i.v. infusion of 20 mg of a formol killed suspension of C. parvum followed by 2 mg (i.m.) at weekly intervals for 10-11 weeks. This protocol consistently resulted in an increase in the circulating IgG levels of all patients but had a variable effect on their IgA, IgM and IgE levels. Increases in the concentration of all 4 IgG subclasses contributed to the overall increase in IgG levels and these changes ranked IgG2 greater than IgG1 greater than IgG3 = IgG4. It also had an inconsistent effect upon the levels of alpha-macroglobulin in pregnancy but the levels of normal serum alpha2-macroglobulin were virtually unchanged. Pre-existing antibodies to C. parvum were noted in all the patients. Titres rose appreciably following C. parvum administration and remained at high, though fluctuating levels, throughout the 100-day period of observation. Absorption studies suggested that the development of antibodies to C. parvum accounted in part for the increased IgG levels noted following this form of therapy. The significance of these changes in relation to the possible anti-tumour effect of C. parvum is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1968

Travel and disease.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of unilateral pneumonectomy on in vitro drug metabolism by the contralateral lung of rabbits.

The effect of unilateral pneumonectomy on the drug-metabolizing capability of the remaining lung of male rabbits was studied 3, 10, and 28 days after surgery. During the period of compensatory lung growth which follows pneumonectomy, the contralateral lung had a reduced ability to metabolize some model drug substrates. The activities of 4-chloro-N-methylaniline demethylase, glutathione transferase, and 4-aminobenzoate N-acetyltransferase were significantly decreased in pneumonectomizd animals relative to shamoperated controls at 10 days. By 28 days most of these parameters of drug metabolism had returned to control levels. Lung hydroxyproline concentration, an index of collagen, did not differ in pneumonectomized and control animals at any of the time points. 3-Methylcholanthrene failed to induce the pulmonary mono-oxygenase system in pneumonectomized animals. The response of pulmonary drug-metabolizing enzymes to unilateral pneumonectomy in rabbits was temporally and qualitatively similar to the response in rat liver following partial hepatectomy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Species and dose differences in the accumulation of imipramine by mammalian lungs.

Adult male mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and rats were injected ip with 14C-imipramine (IP) at doses of either 10 or 50 mg/kg and killed 15 min or 12 hr later. Plasma, lung, liver, and kidney were analyzed for total radioactivity and for IP and desmethylimipramine (DMI). Neither mouse nor guinea pig lungs accumulated IP-derived 14C relative to the other tissues at either dose or time. Indeed, tissue/plasma (T/P) ratios for liver in these species exceeded those for lung. Rabbit and rat lung did not selectively accumulate radioactivity at either time point after 10 mg/kg or at 15 min after 50 mg/kg. However, 12 hr after 50 mg/kg, rabbit and rat lungs contained significantly more radioactivity than other tissues, lung T/P ratios being 3-4 times those of liver and kidney. Most of the radioactivity retained in rat lung was present as DMI (approximately 70%), whereas the three other species retained predominantly unchanged IP (60-80%). In rats, increasing the IP dose from 10 to 100 mg/kg resulted in a 10-fold increase in radioactivity in plasma, 3-fold increases in liver and kidney, and a 20-fold increase in lung. Studies with lung slices revealed that although all species avidly accumulated IP from the medium, all species but rabbit rapidly released the drug by efflux into drugfree medium. The data suggest that only rat and rabbit lung retain significant amounts of IP after administration of large doses to intact animals, and probably by different mechanisms. Rabbit lung retains mainly unchanged IP due to slow efflux of the drug from the lung whereas the rat rapidly demethylates IP to DMI and this metabolite is then retained by the lung.

Animals↗