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Biomedical subjects

R Dolin

Publications and source records attributed to R Dolin.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Adenine arabinoside therapy of herpes zoster in the immunosuppressed. NIAID collaborative antiviral study.

We evaluated adenine arabinoside treatment of herpes zoster in immunodeficient patients in a randomized, controlled crossover study. The two study groups had similar characteristics. In spite of rapid natural healing, those receiving adenine arabinoside over the first five days had accelerated clearance of virus from vesicles (P = 0.01), and cessation of new vesicle formation (P = 0.004), and a shorter time to total pustulation (P = 0.001). Factors modifying the response to therapy included age, underlying disease, and the duration of zoster prior to therapy. Clinical toxicity was minimal. Laboratory assessment of bone-marrow, liver and renal function showed insignificant alterations as a result of therapy. These studies show that adenine arabinoside is a drug with promise for therapy of systemic herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients. It is most efficacious when administered during the first six days of disease (P = 0.001) to those who have reticuloendothelial neoplasia (P = 0.001) and are less than 38 years of age (P = 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1976

From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, the Center for Disease Control, and the Bureau of Biologics of the Food and Drug Administration. Summary of clinical trials of influenza vaccines--II.

These studies indicate that the high-risk and normal pediatric populations can be safely and effectively immunized with a two-dose regimen of the influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccine. In addition, the studies have demonstrated important differences between split-product and whole-virus vaccines in the pediatric age group. Furthermore, reactogenicity from the whole-virus vaccine administered in the schedules employed was acceptable after the first dose and negligible after the second dose. More detailed examination of the data will undoubtedly yield additional information of importance to current and future use of inactivated influenza vaccines in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Lymphocyte populations in acute viral gastroenteritis.

Viral gastroenteritis was induced in 16 of 24 normal volunteers after oral administration of either the Norwalk or Hawaii agents. Clinical illness lasted for 24 to 48 h and resolved spontaneously. During acute illness, a transient lymphopenia was noted which involved all lymphocyte subpopulations (thymus-and bone marrow-derived, and null cells). No circulating lymphocytotoxins were detected, and the lymphocytes remaining in the circulation responded normally to mitogenic stimuli. The acute lymphopenia occurred at the time that mononuclear cell infiltration of the jejunal mucosa has been noted. These findings are consistent with the occurrence of a redistribution of circulating lymphocytes during acute illness, with accumulation of lymphocytes at the site of infection in the gut.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Jejunal adenylate cyclase activity in human subjects during viral gastroenteritis.

The histopathological changes that occur in the jejunal mucosa of humans infected with the Norwalk or Hawaii agent of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis ("viral" gastroenteritis) have ben well characterized. The pathogenesis of diarrhea in this syndrome remains unknown; however, recent reports have suggested a possible role for the adenylate cyclase system. In this combined paper, two groups of investigators working independently and employing slightly different techniques report that: (1) there is marked interindividual variation in the apparent specific activity of adenylate cyclase in human jejunal biopsy tissue; (2) such variation can be minimized by expressing enzyme activity as a fraction of maximal that can be stimulated by 10(-2) M sodium fluoride; and (3) adenylate cyclase activity in jejunal mucosa is not increased during diarrhea or illness in human viral gastroenteritis, therefore suggesting no role for the adenylate cyclase system in the pathogenesis of diarrhea in this common clinical entity.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1976

Influenza: current concepts.

Changes in surface antigens make preparation of an effective vaccine against the influenza virus a difficult job. When the changes are small (antigenic drift), a vaccine can be expected to be of some value; when larger changes occur (antigenic shift), its effectiveness is greatly curtailed. Improvements in the purification process for the vaccine have greatly lessened the incidence and severity of reactions. Although the current vaccines are still imperfect, they represent the best available control.

Amantadine↗
PubMed1975

Viral gastroenteritis induced by the Hawaii agent. Jejunal histopathology and serologic response.

Peroral jejunal biopsies were performed in seven normal volunteer subjects prior to, 48 hours after and two weeks after the administration of the Hawaii agent of viral gastroenteritis. Light and electron microscopic examination revealed an intact mucosa with blunted villi, shortened and distorted microvilli, swollen mitochondria and intercellular edema. These histologic changes were seen only in acutely ill volunteer subjects and were absent two weeks after illness in three of four who were previously ill. This reversible lesion was similar to, but not identical with, that previously described in viral gastroenteritis induced by the Norwalk agent. Serum antibody increases in response to the Hawaii agent as measured by immune electron microscopy were present in three of four ill volunteer subjects and in none of three who remained well.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Antiviral activity of adenine arabinoside and iododeoxyuridine in human fetal intestinal and tracheal organ cultures.

In vitro antiviral activities of two potentially clinically useful antiviral compounds, adenine arabinoside and iododeoxyuridine, were examined in human fetal intestinal and tracheal organ cultures infected with Herpesvirus hominis (types 1 and 2) or vaccinia virus. The two compounds were similarly active against the viruses in organ culture, and minimal inhibitory concentrations could be determined by titration of organ culture fluid harvests into tissue culture or directly in the organ cultures themselves. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were consistently lower in tracheal than in intestinal organ cultures and were consistently higher for H. hominis type 2 than for H. hominis type 1. Thus the organ cultures are promising systems in which to evaluate antiviral activity against those agents that replicate in vitro only in organ culture, and they may have particular application to the study of herpetic tracheitis and esophagitis.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Absence of detectable interferon in jejunal biopsies, jejunal aspirates, and sera in experimentally induced viral gastroenteritis in man.

Seven of thirteen normal volunteers inoculated with either the Norwalk of Hawaii agent of viral gastroenteritis demonstrated clinical illness, with typical rapid onset, short duration, and rapid recovery. Examination of sera, jejunal aspirates, and jejunal biopsy specimens obtained 48-96 hr after inoculation, failed to reveal the presence of interferon in samples from either ill or well subjects.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Genital herpes simplex virus type 1 infection--variability in modes of spread.

Ever since the first report in 1967 of the association of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) with urogenital infections, we have noted the occasional isolation of HSV-1 from such sites. Our most recent results of the typing of HSV isolates from 527 individuals with urogenital infections show that 10.9% of such infections in females and 3.4% in males are caused by HSV-1. We describe here the acquisition of a primary oral HSV-1 infection in a male after orogenital contact with his wife who had a primary genital HSV-1 infection, probably as a result of sexual contact with another male partner. The various modes of acquisition and spread of genital HSV-1, including nonvenereal routes, are reviewed. It is suggested that the influence of the microenvironment of the female genital tract on the selection of variants of microorganism--viruses, bacteria, etc--requires concerted study.

Adult↗