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Biomedical subjects

R Detels

Publications and source records attributed to R Detels.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Evidence for lower susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in Japanese-Americans.

A search for cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) was carried out among the 120,066 Japanese-American residents and the 3,060,366 Caucasian residents native to state of residence in King and Pierce Counties, Washington, and Los Angeles County, California. Although 48 cases would have been expected among Japanese-Americans in both areas (on the basis of the prevalence among Caucasians in these two areas), only eight cases were found who were residents on prevalence day -- all were American-born residents of Los Angeles County. The age-, sex-adjusted prevalence of MS among Japanese-Americans in both areas was 5.9 per 100,000. The lower prevalence of multiple sclerosis among Japanese-Americans than among Caucasians has been interpreted as evidence of a lower susceptibility to factors causing multiple sclerosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Latitude, migration, and the prevalence of multiple sclerosis.

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) was determined in three groups of Caucasians in King and Pierce Counties (Washington) and in Los Angeles County (California): natives (born in study state), migrants from high-risk states (North), and migrants from low risk states (South). A diagnosis of definite or probable MS (excluding migrants with onset before migration) was established in 1816 of the persons found. The prevalence in Los Angeles County natives and in migrants from the South to either Los Angeles County or King-Pierce Counties were relatively low, while prevalence in King-Pierce Counties among natives and migrants from the North were high. The prevalence in migrants from the North to Los Angeles was intermediate. The results suggest that some degree of protection is provided to migrants by residence in low-prevalence areas, either early or later in life.

California↗
PubMed1977

Early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using radionuclide lung-imaging procedures.

One hundred subjects answered a respiratory questionnaire and underwent a physical examination, tests of pulmonary function, and three radionuclide lung-imaging procedures. The results of the radionuclide procedures were compared with each other and with pulmonary function tests and other diagnostic findings to determine their relative sensitivity for detecting evidence of early obstructive airway disease. Perfusion lung imaging was less sensitive than most of the other diagnostic tests evaluated. The aerosol and xenon lung-imaging procedures revealed abnormalities with approximately the same frequency as each other, but more often than any one group of pulmonary function tests, including spirometric data, maximal expiratory flow-volume curves, alveolararterial oxygen gradient, or indices derived from single-breath nitrogen washout. We concluded that xenon and aerosol lung-imaging studies are sensitive and useful screening procedures for detecting evidence of early localized obstructive airway disease and for locating regional abnormalities in the airways of patients with respiratory disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Japanese encephalitis virus in Northern Taiwan, 1969-1973.

Sentinel pigs were bled and mosiquitoes were collected for isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) between 1969 and 1973 in a rural area of northern Taiwan which reported a high annual incidence of human cases. The study site included a farmyard, schools, a bat cave, rice paddies and a heronry. Although Culex annulus was collected in every month of the year, isolations were made only in midsummer and only from Culex annulus and (once) from Culex tritaeniorhynchus. These isolates were usually collected from pig-related sources. Human cases in the vicinity of the study site were reported 3 to 6 weeks following the initial isolations from sentinel pigs. Isolations were made only for 4 to 8 weeks each summer. The isolation of JEV was not related to the availability of susceptible pigs or the spring or summer peaks in prevalence of Culex annulus. Despite periodic draining of rice paddies and the application of insecticides, sufficient numbers of Culex annulus were available to support transmission of JEV in each year of the study.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Some childhood antecedents of drug and alcohol abuse.

Unsatisfactory intrafamilial relationships and child-rearing practices have frequently been implicated as prime determinants of personalities that are susceptible to drug and alcohol abuse. Five thousand forty-four US Army soldiers were surveyed by anonymous questionnaires. The reported occurrence of a variety of activities, events and behaviors in childhood among drug and alcohol abusers were compared to non users. Childhood antecedents that were associated with non-use of illegal drugs and which showed as much as a 20% difference in reported occurrence between abusers and non-users of illegal drugs were: spanking, church attendance, first alcoholic drink after 15 years, and perceived "happy" parental marriage. These associations were found uithin white and non-white groups and in subjects with divorced or separated parents. There was no antecedent that showed as much as a 20% difference in reported occurrence between alcohol abusers and non-users.

Adolescent↗