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Biomedical subjects

R Dalton

Publications and source records attributed to R Dalton.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The awareness of chromosomal disarrangements in the evaluation of child psychiatry patients.

This case report reviews genetics consultations on psychiatrically hospitalized school-age children. Six of 100 patients were noted to have positive genetic findings: four with congenital anomalies and/or biochemical/metabolic abnormalities and two with chromosomal abnormalities. Three of these patients are used to illustrate the occurrence of genetic abnormalities in psychiatrically hospitalized children. The indications for chromosomal analysis are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Survival following resection of clinically occult N2 non small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: The role of resection in Stage IIIA (N2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial despite reported survival rates of 25-40%. This study was undertaken to identify factors associated with a high risk of treatment failure after resection of clinically occult Stage IIIA (N2) NSCLC: Such prognostic factors may identify high risk patients as candidates for future clinical trials of multimodality lung cancer treatment and be important stratification factors in such trials. METHODS: The clinical and pathological records of 32 patients with clinical NO pathologic N2 NSCLC who underwent lobectomy (n = 17), pneumonectomy (n = 12), or bilobectomy (n = 3) and complete mediastinal lymph node dissection at Fox Chase Cancer Center from 1987 to 1991 were reviewed. A multivariate analysis of clinical and pathologic variables was performed. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 15 months (range 5-55). Fifty-nine percent have recurred and 44% have died. Median disease free and overall survival were 16 and 19 months, respectively. Two year disease free and overall survival were 24% and 43%, respectively. No patient with more than one level of mediastinal lymph node metastases survived two years free of disease. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed a longer disease free survival for those receiving adjuvant radiation therapy (19 vs 5 months) but no increase in overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: This experience with clinically occult Stage IIIA (N2) NSCLC suggests that multiple levels of mediastinal lymph node metastases predict treatment failure in patients following resection and that adjuvant mediastinal radiation improves disease free but not overall survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Phacoemulsification during the learning curve: risk/benefit analysis.

To assess prospectively the complications and outcomes in a single-surgeon series during the phacoemulsification learning curve a prospective analysis of 400 phacoemulsification procedures in 358 patients was carried out. The main outcome measures were capsular tear, vitreous and nuclear loss, best corrected post-operative visual acuity and refractive cylinder. Capsular tears occurred in 6.3% of phacoemulsification procedures, with vitreous loss in 1.5%. One nucleus was lost into the vitreous. Best corrected visual acuity, including pre-existing pathology, was 6/9 or better in 83.6% of eyes. There was 1 dioptre or less change of astigmatism from pre-operative to 6 weeks in 91% of eyes. It is concluded that phacoemulsification with careful patient selection can be a safe procedure even during the learning curve.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project's Breast Cancer Prevention Trial.

The Breast Cancer Prevention Trial is the largest breast cancer prevention study ever undertaken. Administered by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, it is the first trial seeking to demonstrate whether a drug, tamoxifen, can prevent breast cancer in high-risk women. The objectives of this trial are to determine whether tamoxifen is effective in 1) reducing the incidence of invasive breast cancer, 2) reducing breast cancer mortality, 3) reducing deaths from cardiovascular disease, and 4) reducing bone fractures. In addition, the study will evaluate side effects, toxicity, and the quality of life of all study participants.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psychiatric hospitalization of preschool children: a follow-up study.

This paper reviews the five year follow-up status of 18 patients initially studied while psychiatrically hospitalized during their preschool years. Only four are currently doing well. Outcome is correlated with patient, family and treatment variables. Possible clinical and research approaches are discussed.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1990

Mixed bipolar disorder precipitated by pseudoephedrine hydrochloride.

A 13-year-old girl familially predisposed to affective disorders had a mixed bipolar disorder after ingesting eight 60 mg pseudoephedrine pills. The patient was misdiagnosed as having pseudoephedrine-induced organic mood disorder until recurrence of symptoms necessitated rehospitalization seven months after the initial episode.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The psychiatric hospitalization of children: an overview.

This paper reviews significant outcome studies regarding the hospitalization of latency-age children and examines pertinent admission criteria. Essential diagnostic and therapeutic components, including milieu therapy, individual therapy, family work, pharmacotherapy and school are discussed. The future role of psychiatric hospitalization of children is examined.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Short-term psychiatric hospitalization of children.

Recent changes in psychiatric practice, fueled in part by national economic trends, have contributed to the increasing use of short-term psychiatric hospitalization for children. The authors discuss specific approaches to treatment planning, milieu therapy, family work, and individual therapy that help maximize a patient's stay on the short-term psychiatric unit for latency-age children at Tulane University Hospital. Data on diagnosis and length of stay of children admitted during the first two years of the unit's operation are presented, and specific attributes of latency development that affect the short-term process are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Mast cell leukaemia: evidence for bone marrow origin of the pathological clone.

A 57-year-old female patient, admitted for an acute abdominal syndrome, was found to have an extensive proliferation of mast cells both in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow. Cytochemical studies confirmed the mast cell characteristics of the pathological cell population, while the immunophenotype strongly suggested a bone marrow origin of this malignancy. The course of the disease was not affected by antiproliferative treatment and the patient, after progressive general deterioration, died of intractable haemorrhage. On both clinical and haematological criteria it seems possible to distinguish this rare case of primary mast leukaemia from the more common form of tissue mastocytosis with secondary leukaemia.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1986

Pure red cell aplasia and thymoma: demonstration of persisting inhibition of erythropoiesis after thymectomy and resolution after immune suppressive treatment.

A 61 year-old woman presented with general malaise, hair loss, pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) and thymoma: no growth of erythropoietic colonies in vitro (BFU-E) was observed in the presence of her own serum. The thymoma was removed: after the operation no improvement of her anaemic condition was observed and colony growth was very poor, although T-depleted narrow preparations showed a modest BFU-E formation in autologous serum. Following treatment with azathioprine, a complete recovery was seen, associated with normal BFU-E formation in vitro. This observation suggests that a complex inhibition of erythropoiesis may operate in PRCA involving both humoral and cellular factors; thymectomy alone may not be sufficient to restore haemopoiesis, but has to be followed by immune suppressive treatment.

Antibody Formation↗