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Biomedical subjects

R D Staton

Publications and source records attributed to R D Staton.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Right hemisphere involvement in learning disability, attention deficit disorder, and childhood major depressive disorder.

Learning disability, attentional disorder and childhood major depression are frequent diagnoses in children with behavioral disturbances and impaired school performance. All three disorders are associated with right cerebral hemisphere dysfunction. Anatomical disturbance of right hemisphere function results in learning disability and/or attentional disorder. The physiological disturbance of right hemisphere function produced by a major depressive episode results in additional learning disability and/or attentional disorder.

Attention↗
PubMed1982

Reduplicative paramnesia: a disconnection syndrome of memory.

A case of post-traumatic reduplicative paramnesia (Capgras syndrome) is presented in which the patient experiences duplications in all three spheres of orientation (time, place, person). We postulate that these duplications are the result of a disconnection of new memory registration from past memory stores. The patient is unable to integrate present cues with premorbid experience, and bases judgments of his present orientation upon recollections from the past. A deep lesion at the right posterior hippocampus and temporo-parieto-occipital junction is suggested as the site of this postulated primary memory disconnection, based upon neuropsychological testing and CAT scan results. This right temporal atrophy and memory disconnection appears to have induced immature personality changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The electroencephalographic pattern during electroconvulsive therapy II. Preliminary analysis of spectral energy.

Computer assisted energy-spectral analyses were obtained on EEG recordings of unilateral non-dominant hemisphere ECT-induced seizures using the different pre-ECT anesthetic agents methohexital (Brevital), Innovar, and ketamine (Ketalar). The previously postulated predominance of electrical energy over the stimulated (right) hemisphere early in ECT-induced seizures is confirmed. There appears to be marked reduction in total seizure energy with methohexital anesthesia, whereas ketamine anesthesia appears to be associated with increased overall seizure energy. The greatest right to left energy transfer during the seizure occurred with Innovar anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

An hypothesis regarding the commonality of right-hemisphere involvement in learning disability, attentional disorder, and childhood major depressive disorder.

Learning disability, attentional disorder, and childhood major depression are frequent clinical diagnoses for children who show behavioral disturbances and impaired school performance. We suggest that all three of these conditions may be associated with dysfunction of the right cerebral hemisphere. Anatomical disturbance of right-hemisphere function is often associated with learning disability or attentional deficits. The physiological disturbance of right-hemisphere function by a major depressive episode may produce or exacerbate learning disability or attentional disorder.

Attention↗
PubMed1981

Myotonic dystrophy as a disease of abnormal membrane receptors: an hypothesis of pathophysiology and a new approach to treatment.

Muscle weakness, clinical myotonia, and multiple systemic organ disturbances characterize myotonic dystrophy. Many of these systemic disturbances involve target organ insensitivity to aminergic or peptidergic (hormonal) stimulation. Reduced density or impaired function of aminergic and peptidergic (hormonal) receptors throughout the body may underlie this disorder. Tricyclic antidepressant augmentation of aminergic function ameliorates depressive symptoms, increases strength, and improves clinical myotonia in myotonic dystrophy patients.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1981

Exercise-induced pain, stiffness, and tubular aggregation in skeletal muscle.

The case is described of a 36 year old man with exercise-induced pain, stiffness, and tubular aggregation in skeletal muscle. Persistent CPK elevation and a normal forearm ischaemic exercise test were demonstrated. Electromyography was normal. Muscle biopsy showed aggregates of tubular structures in most fibres by histochemical and ultrastructural analysis. A relationship of this syndrome to known defects in muscle energy metabolism is postulated.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Non-specificity of motor hyperactivity as a diagnostic criterion.

The relationship between motor hyperactivity and childhood depression was investigated in a group of 178 children referred for evaluation of school problems. 60% (n = 107) of the children fulfilled the modified Feighner criteria for primary childhood depression. 44% (n = 78) of the children had motor hyperactivity and 75% (n = 59) of these also showed depression. Terminal insomnia, somatic complaints, self-deprecation, episodic loss of interest in school and usual activities, social withdrawal, and preoccupation with death and dying were the symptoms which significantly differentiated depressed from non-depressed children.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1981

Cognitive improvement associated with tricyclic antidepressant treatment of childhood major depressive illness.

11 children fulfilling DSM-III criteria for major depressive illness were administered detailed neuropsychological batteries prior to and 3 to 6 mo. after starting tricyclic antidepressant treatment. Remission of depressive illness in children with melancholic major depression was associated with significant improvement in WISC-R Verbal IQ and Performance IQ, and on the Similarities, Comprehension, Block Design, and Coding subtests. In addition, there were significant improvements on the Halstead Categories test, on the Visual Reception subtest of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, and in response latencies on the Matching Familiar Figures test. Two children with evidence of mild left hemiparesis showed amelioration of hemiparesis during tricyclic antidepressant treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Electroencephalographic recording during bitemporal and unilateral non-dominant hemisphere (Lancaster Position) electroconvulsive therapy.

electrical seizure activity induced by ECT appears in three phases: Phase I initial 18-22 Hz. (beta-like) activity, Phase II arrhythmic polyspike activity, and Phase III rhythmic 2 1/2-3 1/2 Hz. spike/polyspike-wave activity. With bitemporal ECT, Phase II activity appears simultaneously in all leads. With unilateral non-dominant hemisphere ECT, there is an orderly march on Phase II polyspikes from the right anterior temporal region. After termination of a seizure, there is symmetrical suppression of normal activity with bitemporal ECT, but with unilateral non-dominant hemisphere ECT there is less suppression of normal activity in the unstimulated side.

Brain↗
PubMed1981

Anesthetics and electroconvulsive therapy seizure duration: implications for therapy from a rat model.

The anesthetic agents methohexital (Brevital), Innovar, and ketamine (Ketaject) were examined for their effect on seizure duration following electroconvulsive stimulation in a rat model of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Compared to unanesthetized control animals, methohexital anesthesia shortened seizure duration by 42%, ketamine anesthesia tended to increase seizure duration, and Innovar anesthesia had no effect on duration of seizures.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative effects of long-term ethanol consumption and forebrain lesions on maze learning and active avoidance behavior in rats.

Male rats consumed a liquid diet containing 10.7% ethanol as their only source of food and fluid for 6.5 months, beginning at 2 months of age. During withdrawal, there were no differences between the alcohol group and their pair-fed or free-fed controls on EEG, body temperature, irritability and tremor measures. In behavioral tests begun 4-5 weeks after withdrawal, the rats that had consumed alcohol acquired accurate spatial behavior in a cross maze task more slowly than controls, but were unimpaired in shuttle-avoidance learning. In concurrent studies with groups of rats that had sustained lesions of the dorsal hippocampus, the mamillary bodies (MMB), or the mediodorsal thalamus, the pattern of behavioral deficits after MMB lesions was found to be qualitatively similar to that observed after the cessation of long-term alcohol consumption. These findings provide renewed hope that a useful rodent model for studying the neuropsychology of cognitive deficits associated with human alcoholism can be developed.

Alcoholism↗