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Biomedical subjects

R D Miles

Publications and source records attributed to R D Miles.

85 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Dietary and plasma phosphorus in hens with fatty liver syndrome.

Plasma inorganic phosphorus was determined in two experiments in hens that had fatty liver syndrome. In Experiment 1, plasma inorganic phosphorus was determined in twelve strains of hens all fed the same diet. Plasma inorganic phosphorus immediately following oviposition was elevated in all strains. The two strains in the first experiment with the highest as well as the two strains with the lowest plasma inorganic phosphorus were used in the second experiment. Each of the four strains were subdivided into three groups of 60 hens each and fed a practical layer diet containing either .30, .75, or 1.40% total phosphorus and 3.4% calcium. Significant differences were found in plasma inorganic phosphorus between strains fed the three dietary phosphorus levels. Results indicated that plasma inorganic phosphorus is related to dietary phosphorus in hens with an elevated plasma inorganic phosphorus level associated with fatty liver syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Are noninvasive tests sufficiently accurate to identify patients in need of carotid arteriography?

Noninvasive studies were performed on 1771 patients with suspected extracranial cerebrovascular disease. Of these, 328 underwent arteriography, providing 604 arteriograms for comparison with carotid phonoangiography (CPA), 516 for comparison with pulse-delay oculoplethysmography (OPG), and 571 for comparison with pulsed Doppler ultrasonic arteriograms (UAs). The UA was the most sensitive test, detecting 92% of the internal carotid stenoses of 60% or more and 72% of those between 20% and 59%. When the results of three tests were combined, the sensitivity was 80% and the specificity was 61% for any recognizable disease at the carotid bifurcation. Ninety percent of stenoses of 20% or more and 95% of stenoses of 40% or more were detected by the combination. The UA identified 86% to 93% of patients with operable disease, and combined studies identified 88% to 95%. Carotid endarterectomies were performed on 112 patients. The UA was positive in 91% to 96% of the patients undergoing surgery, and combined testing was positive in 96%. This study suggests that noninvasive tests are capable of identifying most patients in need of carotid endarterectomy.

Blindness↗
PubMed1981

The performance of Bobwhite quail fed diets containing Lactobacilli.

Two experiments were conducted each consisting of two trials. Day-old Bobwhite quail were fed a starter diet containing a microbial preparation of Lactobacilli. In both experiments the experimental diets were fed for 5 weeks. No significant differences in growth, feed efficiency, or mortality were found between the control and Lactobacilli supplemented diets. Mortality was higher than normal within all treatments but unaffected by treatment.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1979

Noninvasive diagnosis of extracranial carotid arterial disease: a prospective evaluation of pulsed-Doppler imaging and oculoplethysmography.

Two hundred consecutive internal carotid arteries were examined with the Hokanson-pulsed Doppler ultrasonic arteriograph (UA) and the Kartchner-McCrae oculoplethysmograph (OPG). Roentgenographic studies were used to assess the relative accuracy of these two noninvasive tests. Diameter stenoses estimated from the UA and roentgenographic images agreed within +/- 20% in 81% of the studies. The UA detected 61% of all stenoses of 20% to 39% and 89% of all stenoses greater than 40%. A sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 90% were achieved with the UA compared with a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 85% with the OPG. When the UA and OPG agreed (67% of the vessels), the sensitivity was 95% and the specificity was 94%. When they disagreed, the UA was the better test having a sensitivity of 81% compared with 21% with the OPG.

Angiography↗
PubMed1979

Blood phosphorus levels of laying hens at various time intervals after dosing with phosphoric acid.

Two experiments were conducted to study the pattern of change in serum inorganic phosphorus level in laying hens fed a diet containing 0.30% total phosphorus after dosing with a known amount of phosphorus. Serum phosphorus level of undosed hens was 2.5 mg/100 ml at oviposition in both experiments. After dosing with 100 mg of phosphorus in 10 ml of a phosphoric acid solution, serum phosphorus level increased sharply and reached a peak of about 7.0 mg/100 ml between 30 and 60 minutes in experiment 2. After the peak the elevated level of serum phosphorus decreased logarithmically until 5 to 6 hours after dosing and eventually decreased to 2.5 mg/100 ml which was the serum phosphorus level of undosed hens in experiment 1. The half-life of the elevated portion of serum phosphorus due to the dosing was about 100 minutes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effects of different short-term dietary phosphorus levels on egg specific gravity and blood phosphorus of hens.

In the first 2 experiments, laying hens were fed a diet containing .30% phosphorus for a preliminary period of 3 days. At the beginning of the experimental period, hens were fed .30, .75, or 1.40% phosphorus with 3.50% calcium. Another group of hens was fed .75% phosphorus and 1.40% calcium. Specific gravity of the eggs and blood serum inorganic phosphorus were determined and compared with those from control hens continuously fed a diet containing .75% phosphorus and 3.50% calcium. Both high phosphorus and/or low calcium decreased the specific gravity of eggs and increased the serum phosphorus level. In experiment 2, hens were fed different levels of phosphorus at different times of the day. Birds receiving 1.40% phosphorus between 0700 and 0930 hr and .30% phosphorus between 0930 and 2000 hr (Treatment 2) laid eggs with higher specific gravity than hens fed .30% phosphorus between 0700 and 0930 hr and 1.40% phosphorus between 0930 and 2000 hr (Treatment 3). there was no further improvement in egg shell quality over that from hens fed .75% phosphorus for both time periods (0700 to 2000 hr). In both experiments it was apparent that the dietary phosphorus level affected egg shell quality.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The phosphorus excretion pattern and balance during one egg cycle of the laying hen fed a phosphorus deficient diet with or without a single dose of phosphoric acid.

A balance trial was conducted to study the phosphorus excretion pattern of laying hens in relation to egg cycle. Excreta were collected quantitatively at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hr after oviposition. The amount of feed consumed corresponding to the excreta collected at a specific time interval was calculated using chromic oxide as a marker. The percent recovery of chromic oxide with laying hens was 73.97 +/- .56%. The maximum apparent digestibility of the dietary phosphorus, all of plant origin, was estimated to be 28.9 +/- 3.1% during 0 to 4 hr after oviposition when the endogenous excretion of phosphorus was theoretically minimized. Laying hens fed a diet containing .30% phosphorus excreted 24.3 mg less phosphorus than intake during the day, indicating that hens had to withdraw approximately 100 mg of phosphorus from their body to produce an egg. These hens excreted 63.1 +/- 27.0 mg of endogenous phosphorus during the 24 hr period, most of which was excreted during the period between 12 to 24 hr after oviposition of the previous egg. The excretion pattern of phosphorus was closely related to the egg laying cycle of the hen. Hens dosed with 100 mg of phosphorus, as a phosphoric acid solution, excreted more phosphorus than the undosed control birds. Approximately 45 mg of 100 mg of the phosphorus dose were excreted during the 24 hr period. At least 84.8 mg of the dosed phosphorus were absorbed within 12 hr and a part of it was excreted during the later period. Data indicated that the true absorption rate of the dosed phosphorus might have been much faster.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

Uric acid excretion by the chick as an indicator of dietary protein quality.

The objective of this investigation was to determine whether uric acid excretion could serve as an indicator of dietary protein quality. In the first study, 15% protein diets were formulated using either whole egg protein, soybean meal, safflower meal or casein, or the latter 3 proteins supplemented with their most limiting amino acid (methionine, lysine and arginine, respectively). Chicks fed diets supplemented with the limiting amino acid grew more rapidly and efficiently and excreted less uric acid. Good agreement was noted between uric acid excretion and protein efficiency ratio (PER) as indicators of protein quality. Two studies were conducted with chicks fed diets containing raw soybean flakes or flakes autoclaved for varying periods of time and fed with or without methionine and lysine supplementation. Similar chick performance, uric acid excretion and PER were noted with chicks fed the soybean flakes which had been autoclaved for 20, 40 or 120 min. Poorer chick performance and PER were noted with chicks fed soybean flakes or flakes autoclaved for 10 min. When the diets were supplemented with methionine and lysine, the negative effects of inadequate heating were partially alleviated. The results indicated that adequate heating and amino acid supplementation of soybean flakes were both essential for maximal chick performance, that the two factors influence the utlization of the protein in different ways and that the two effects were additive.

Animal Feed↗