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Biomedical subjects

R D Maier

Publications and source records attributed to R D Maier.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[The detection of guaiacol glyceryl ether, a content of many sedatives and hypnotics in the Federal Republic of Germany].

Guaiacol Glyceryl Ether (GGE) is well known as an expectorant in a large number of cough syrups etc. More recently it was used in surgery because of its activity as a muscle relaxant and its additive effect on narcotics. Today many of the sedatives and hypnotics in the BRD, which are available without prescription, contain GGE in doses of 50 mg to 250 mg partially combined with other sedative acting substances. With regard to the abuse of sedatives and hypnotics GGE therefore will be more important in future. The analytical data of GGE (for details see key words), extraction behavior and identification of TLC combined with quantitative determination by HPLC are described.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1977

[The bronze-baby-syndrome: a complication of phototherapy (author's transl)].

A case of intense grey-brown discoloration of the skin, serum and urine in a premature twin is reported when phototherapy was used to reduce hyperbilirubinemia. All features made the diagnosis of bronze-baby-syndrome most probable. We were able to detect an increased level of coproporphyrin in serum. The patient did not show any signs of a kernicterus. Possible speculations about the pathogenetic and prognostic value of elevated levels of coproporphyrins in newborn infants under treatment with phototherapy are discussed. In these cases we must be aware of possible neurotoxic effects, since increased concentrations of bilirubin breakdown products may not be excreted as well through the normal biliary passage as normally.

Color↗
PubMed1975

[Weal-formation by Utrica Dioica. An intravital reaction? (author's transl)].

The question concerning the intravital and postmortal mechanism of urticarial weal after contact with nettles (urtica dioica) was investigated in corpses, animal experiments and voluntary trials. No nettle weals could be induced in corpses or postmortally in experiments with albino rats (Witstar Strain). When animals were exposed to nettle-stings immediately before decapitation only 2 od 12 rats developed weals postmortally. However, the diameter of such weals was only 30% of that of weals produced intravitally. After Application of a tourniquet (180 - 200 mm Hg) to test persons no weals were formed after contact with nettles in a period of 10 minutes. As soon as the tourniquet was released weal-formation occured in full extent in most test persons. According to the authors opinion the occurence of nettle weals (urtica dioica) in corpses is therefore considered a local intravital reaction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification power of a standardized HPLC-DAD system for systematic toxicological analysis.

High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) provides two identification parameters: retention and UV spectral data. The identification power of these two parameters, expressed in standardized form (retention index and absorption maximum with the highest wavelength), is calculated using two approaches: discriminating power (DP) and mean list length (MLL). Our own HPLC database, which comprises data for more than 370 substances, is used as the basis of calculations. The identification power of both parameters applied separately is low but increases substantially when the combination of retention and spectral data is applied. Additionally, the DP and MLL values obtained for 56 acidic or neutral and 76 basic drugs examined by means of HPLC-DAD and other analytical methods (thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), and ultraviolet (UV) detection) are compared. The on-line combination of HPLC retention index values and UV spectra, registered by means of DAD, creates an identification system in which the identification potential is slightly lower than the off-line combination of capillary GC and UV spectroscopy.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of phenylisothiocyanate derivatives of amphetamine and its analogues in biological fluids by HPLC-APCI-MS or DAD.

Amphetamine (A), methamphetamine (MA), methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylenedioxyethylamphelamine (MDE), and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), as well as eight other sympathomimetic amines (benzyl-1-phenylethylamine, ephedrine, fenfluramine, norfenfluramine, phentermine, phenylethylamine, phenylpropanolamine, and propylhexedrine), were extracted from serum or urine with ether, derivatized with phenylisothiocyanate, and subjected to high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) examination in isocratic mode. Two detection arts were applied: atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) and UV-spectrometry as diode array detection (DAD) or single wavelength at 250 nm. The derivatives were well-separated and showed good chromatographic behavior. Full-scan mass spectra of drugs examined by means of APCI with collision induced dissociation (APCID) contained protonated molecular ions (M+H)+ and fragments typical for particular drugs. APCID-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) appeared very selective for differentiation of all drugs involved. The quantitation with APCID was performed using selected ion monitoring (SIM) of (M+H)+ ions and selected fragments of drugs involved and their deuterated analogues. The limits of detection ranged from 0.001 mg/L (MA, MDMA, and MDE) to 0.005 mg/L (A and MDA). In HPLC-DAD, the spectra of MDMA and MDE were practically identical with maxima of 236-240 nm. Other amphetamines showed slightly different spectra with maxima of 245-250 nm. The limits of detection in UV detection amounted to 0.01-0.03 mg/L (single wavelength detector at 250 nm) or 0.05-0.1 mg/L (DAD).

Amphetamines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of common drugs of abuse in body fluids using one isolation procedure and liquid chromatography--atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization mass spectromery.

A method for determining opiate agonists (morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide, morphine-6-glucuronide, 6-monoacetylmorphine, codeine, codeine-6-glucuronide, dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine, buprenorphine, methadone, tramadol, and ibogaine), cocaine and its metabolites (benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester) and lysergic acid diethylamide in serum, blood, urine and other biological matrices is presented. Aliquots (0.5-1.5 mL) of biological fluids were spiked with appropriate deuterated internal standards and extracted using a common solid-phase extraction method (C18 cartridges). The extracts were subjected to liquid chromatographic-atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization mass spectrometric examination using selected ion monitoring procedures. These procedures were developed after analysis of full-scan mass spectra of examined compounds. The extraction method appeared very universal; the recoveries were high for almost all drugs and the extracts were very clean. The procedure was applied for routine forensic casework.

Body Fluids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cyclizine as a drug of abuse?].

Two British people going from Amsterdam to Berlin was examined at the borderline near Aix la Chapelle. Customsinspectors found besides a lot of hashish a letter hidden in a pocket lamp concerning drugs received in Amsterdam as remarks to LSD trips. Therefore a white powder found in a little paper in the purse of one person was tested for drugs. Previous examinations at the border failed and after further investigations at the Department of Forensic Medicine including mass spectrophotometry the powder was identified as Cyclizine. The analytical data like mass spectrum are described. This compound used many years for the prevention and treatment of motion sickness is off the market because of suggested teratogen effects. Previous reports about LSD-like symptoms after ingestion of large amounts of Cyclizine as the environment the powder was found let us suppose that some people will know about psychotic effects at high doses of this drug not being an inhibited narcotic.

Adolescent↗