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Biomedical subjects

R D Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to R D Jackson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Long-term passive enhancement of allogeneic skin grafts with monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to graft-specific class I or class II major histocompatibility antigens were tested for their ability to enhance the survival of allogeneic skin transplants. Mutant mouse strains were grafted with wild type tissue to restrict the antigenic differences being recognized. For allogeneic recognition of the class I antigen Ld, mutant BALB/c-H-2dm2 (dm2) mice were grafted with wild type BALB/cKh skin, and two dm2 anti-BALB/cKh mAb, 23-10-1 and 30-5-7, were tested for their ability to enhance. The anti-Ld antibody 23-10-1 (IgM) was found not to enhance the survival of BALB/c skin on dm2 mice. 30-5-7, however, an IgG2a antibody of indistinguishable specificity from 23-10-1, prolonged graft survival for approximately 5 days. For recognition of selected Iab determinants, mutant B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm12) mice were grafted with wild type B6/Kh skin, and mAb specific for the serological change(s) in bm12 were tested for their ability to enhance. The anti-Iab antibody 25-9-17 (IgG2a) was found not to enhance B6 grafts on bm12 mice. However, the enhancement seen with 25-9-17 using (C3H X bm12)F1 recipients was extraordinary, such that treated mice had a mean survival time three times that of the controls. Since 25-9-17 is of C3H origin, these results suggest that allotype (or possibly idiotype) compatibility is important in antibody enhancement. Another anti-Iab antibody 28-16-8 (IgM), also of C3H origin, failed to enhance a B6 graft on (C3H X bm 12)F1 mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of a large molecular weight prolactin in women with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and normal menses.

This study reports the presence of a large molecular sized PRL as the major form of circulating immunoactive PRL in five women with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and normal menses. Gel filtration patterns of serum from these patients revealed 98-100% predominance of a 150,000- to 160,000-dalton PRL in contrast to the predominance of the 22,000-dalton species in other hyperprolactinemic patients. This 150,000- to 160,000-dalton PRL was immunologically similar to the 22,000-dalton PRL, and its size on gel filtration was not altered using denaturing conditions. With reduction of disulfide bonds, there was a shift of the peak I PRL to smaller mol wt peptides. In addition, studies of one woman with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia and normal menses revealed preservation of 98% peak I predominance during physiological and pharmacological perturbations of PRL secretion. Finally, assay of the bioactivity of the large molecular sized PRL in the Nb2 rat lymphoma line revealed diminished activity compared to the 22,000-dalton species. This latter finding may help explain the maintenance of normal menses and relative lack of clinical signs in patients with this form of hyperprolactinemia.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Amitriptyline for agitation in head injury.

Agitated behavior is frequently associated with traumatic closed head injury. Proactive behavioral intervention is often not successful, and psychopharmacologic agents may result in increasing the targeted behavior through sedation. We describe a 32-year-old woman who developed severe agitation after frontal lobe closed head injury. After failing conservative behavioral management, a therapeutic trial of amitriptyline was initiated. Within two weeks, aggressive outbursts nearly ceased and attention span improved. Serial neuropsychologic assessment before and during amitriptyline therapy documented preservation of cognitive indices along with improvement in Trailmaking tasks. This case suggests that a trial of amitriptyline or other tricyclic antidepressant may be helpful in diminishing agitation associated with frontal lobe damage without impeding cognitive recovery.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Reality orientation for brain injured patients: group treatment and monitoring of recovery.

A reality orientation group for brain injured patients was developed to improve attention deficits, confusion and anterograde amnesia during post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). Seven behavioral objectives are used to define adequate orientation, attention, immediate retention, episodic recall and use of memory aids. Daily performance in each of these areas is aggregated to establish a weekly summary score. Inter-rater reliability was found to be 0.875. The weekly aggregate score assesses recovery during PTA with increases corresponding to qualitative changes in patient progress. This weekly score has proven valuable as a management tool in rehabilitation by indicating when advanced training is warranted, whether a plateau in progress has been reached and when deterioration may be occurring.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Posterior iliopsoas muscle transfer in myelodysplasia.

A Sharrard posterior iliopsoas muscle-transfer procedure was done in forty-two hips of twenty-four children with myelodysplasia. Folow-up ranged from twenty-nine months to approximately ten years. An over-all success rate of 50 per cent was achieved which included all hips operated on for potential and existing instability. The success rate for surgery in hips with an existing instability was 29.6 per cent. Factors predisposing to a poor result were: age more than five years old, dysplastic acetabulum (index more than 30 degrees), prior hip surgery, and inequality of limb length. This operation is recommended primarily for hips not previously operated on in children less than five years old who have a normal acetabular index. If the child is more than five years old or if acetabular dysplasia exists, reconstruction of the acetabulum should precede or accompany the tendon transfer for best results. Iliopsoas muscle transfer is unlikely to be successful if used as a salvage procedure.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1978

Applications of a new instrument, the potentiophotometer.

The Potentiophotometer is a new instrument for measuring the absorption characteristics of solutions. A brief description of its construction and theory of operation is presented, with illustrations of its use in the colorimetric quantitative analysis for inorganic phosphorus and total protein in serum. The potentiophotometric results correlate well (r = 0.97 to 0.98) with measurements made of the same solutions with either of two conventional spectrophotometers, the Gilford 300N and the Coleman Jr. II.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1976

Beneficial metabolic effects of methylprednisolone sodium succinate in acute myocardial ischemia.

The metabolic and hemodynamic effects of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (40 mg/kg body weight) after acute myocardial ischemia were determined in 24 heparinized mongrel dogs. Myocardial ischemia was produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Catheters in the coronary sinus and the vein draining the left anterior descending coronary arterial area were used to collect blood samples from nonischemic and ischemic myocardium. Lactate, pyruvate, glucose, free fatty acids and oxygen were measured in arterial and venous blood from ischemic and nonischemic areas before and 3, 30 and 60 minutes after myocardial ischemia in animals with (Group II) and without (Group I) steroid treatment. In both Groups I and II glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, oxygen and coronary blood flow in nonischemic areas were not significantly changed, whereas glucose uptake in ischemic areas was significantly increased with myocardial ischemia and remained elevated. In Group I lactate uptake in ischemic areas became negative after coronary arterial ligation and remained so; in Group II, it increased after 30 (70%) and 60 (111%) minutes. Free fatty acid uptake in ischemic areas was reduced after myocardial ischemia in Group I, but in Group II it increased after 30 (224%) and 60 minutes (173%), and there was a concomitant increase in oxygen uptake. Pyruvate uptake in nonischemic areas decreased after 60 minutes in Group I, whereas it was reduced after 30 (68%) and 60 minutes (513%) in Group II. The changes were similar in ischemic myocardium. There were no significant changes in hemodynamic indexes. Coronary blood flow in ischemic areas decreased in Group I after myocardial ischemia and further after 30 and 60 minutes, but in Group II it increased after 30 (82%) and 60 minutes (53%). The data indicate that administration of methylprednisolone results in improved collateral blood flow into the infarcted area and a significantly improved metabolic response of ischemic myocardium. The glucocorticoid may also have a direct benefical effect on carbohydrate metabolism and cause the increased pyruvate neccesary to maintain the generation of energy-producing substrates. The results also suggest that methylprednisolone increases cell survival time and results in greater salvage of ischemic myocardium.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Potentiophotometry.

The present derivation relates, in terms of analytical chemical photometry, the theory of operation of an extremely simple instrument which embodies both the electrical analog solution to Beer's Law of Spectrophotometry and the multiplication of this solution by a constant, such that the voltage reading of the instrument is identical to the concentration of the light absorbing substance being measured. Because the raw output of the instrument is both linear and proportionable, calibration of the instrument is accomplished by appropriately setting and positioning the potential difference between two known standard solutions. The determination of the concentration of an unknown solution is then the direct reading of the voltage it generates in the system. This approach to measurement is called Potentiophotometry, because it is based on potentials generated from light.

Photometry↗