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Biomedical subjects

R D Hagan

Publications and source records attributed to R D Hagan.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Absence of effect of potassium-magnesium aspartate on physiologic responses to prolonged work in aerobically trained men.

The effects of oral administration of potassium and magnesium aspartate (K + Mg Asp) on physiologic responses to 90 min of treadmill walking at approximately 62% VO2 max were evaluated in seven healthy males (VO2 max = 59.5 ml X kg-1 X min-1). A total of 7.2 g of K + Mg Asp were administered to each subject during a 24 h period prior to work and compared to control and placebo trials. For control, placebo, and K + Mg Asp trials, no significant differences were observed in resting or exercise values for ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RO), heart rate (HR), or blood pressure (BP). In addition, there were no differences between the three trials for exercise-induced decreases in body weight and increases in rectal temperature, or for pre- and post-exercise alterations in serum lactic acid, creatine kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and percentage change in plasma volume. The findings from this study indicate that oral ingestion of K+ Mg Asp prior to exercise had no effect on cardiorespiratory, hematologic, and metabolic responses to 90 min of work conducted at approximately 62% VO2 max.

Adult↗

Body weight loss in a wrestler preparing for competition: a case report.

A 21-yr-old male wrestler was studied for 2 months as he trained and dieted for the 1981 Maccabiah Games trials and the 1981 National AAU Wrestling Tournament trials. Measurements of body composition, anthropometry, pulmonary function, muscular strength, serum plasma constituents, and maximal aerobic power were made 53, 31, and 3 d prior to the AAU tournament. Training consisted of two workouts daily, running 3.2-9.7 km each morning and wrestling 1-2.5 h each afternoon. In addition, the subject recorded his weight daily and maintained a log of food consumption. As a result of a low-fat, high-protein, high-carbohydrate diet and continued training, his weight decreased from 54.88 to 50.59 kg while body fat decreased from 4.8 to 1.1%. This loss consisted of 2.21 kg of lean tissue and 2.08 kg of fat tissue. The day prior to AAU competition, an additional 2.73 kg were lost by dehydration to meet the 48.0-kg weight classification. Despite the subject's loss of lean and fat tissue, maximal aerobic power (approximately 67 ml X min-1 X kg-1) and muscular strength were maintained. These findings indicated that this wrestler was able to undergo a weight loss of approximately 8.0% and still maintain a high level of muscular strength and maximal aerobic power.

Adult↗

A comparison of combined running and weight training with circuit weight training.

The purpose of this study was to compare the physiologic effects of a program of combined running and weight training (RUN-CWT) with a program of circuit weight training (CWT). Thirty-six females (X age = 35.7 yr) and 41 males (X age = 36.1 yr) were randomly assigned to RUN-CWT, CWT, and control groups. The training groups participated in 12-wk programs, 3 d . wk-1. Three circuits of 10 weight-training exercises were completed with 12-15 repetitions performed in 30 s at 40% of one-repetition maximum at each station. The 30-min RUN-CWT program included 30 s of running on an indoor track following each CWT station, whereas the 22.5 min CWT program included a 15-s rest period between stations. The RUN-CWT groups had a significant (+ 17%) increase in VO2max (females 30.5-35.7 ml . kg-1 . min-1 and males 39.7-46.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1) and strength (females + 24% and males +21%), and a significant decrease in body fat percentage (females -3.2% and males -4.1%). The CWT groups also increased significantly in VO2max (+12%) and strength (+17%) and decreased in body fat (-3.0%). The controls did not change significantly in any variable. Statistically, one training program was not shown to be superior to the other; thus, both programs of RUN-CWT and CWT were effective in improving measures of physical fitness.

Body Composition↗

Marathon performance in relation to maximal aerobic power and training indices.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of marathon performance time (MPT) with maximal aerobic power (VO2max), body composition, and training factors recorded for 9 wk prior to a race. Fifty males, 21 to 61 years of age (mean = 36 yr) with a mean weight of 69.6 kg, kept daily exercise records which included the distance and time run for each workout. VO2max ranged from 52.7 to 88.6 ml x kg-1 x min-1; total km for the 9 wk period ranged from 372 to 1260; km per workout ranged from 6.1 to 20.6; total workout days ranged from 28 to 61; and MPT ranged from 139 to 298 min. MPT was inversely related to VO2max (r = -0.63), total km (r = -0.67), average km per workout (r = -0.64), and total workout days (r = -0.62). MPT was slightly correlated with body weight (r = 0.41) and the sigma 7 skinfolds (r = 0.41). For a group of runners which includes both novice and experienced marathoners, MPT may be predicted (R2 = 0.71) by the following equation: MPT (min) = 525.9 + 7.09 (km x workout-1) -0.45 workout speed, m x min-1) -0.17 (total km for 9 wk) -2.01 (VO2max, ml x kg-1 x min-1) -1.24 (age, yr). These findings suggest that a high maximal aerobic power, low body mass, daily workouts, and training runs of long duration and distance contribute to better performance times in the marathon.

Adult↗

Oxygen uptake and energy expenditure during horizontal treadmill running.

The purpose of this investigation was to compare linear and curvilinear regression equations relating oxygen uptake and energy expenditure to running velocity and to examine the effects of age, sex, and maximal aerobic power on these relations in well-conditioned male and female runners. One-variable linear equations that use running velocity as the independent variable for predicting oxygen uptake and energy expenditure ahd coefficients of determination (r2) of 0.86 and 0.897, respectively. Two-variable linear equations that use body mass and velocity as independent variables had r2 values of 0.895 and 0.901 for the same relation. Age sex, and maximal aerobic power did not influence the relations between oxygen uptake, energy expenditure, and running velocity. Stepwise regression indicated that the two-variable linear equations had the highest r2 values suggesting that between the running velocities of 8.8 and 16.9 km.h-1 these equations best express the relation of oxygen uptake and energy expenditure to running velocity.

Adult↗

Physiologic responses of juvenile-onset diabetic boys to muscular work.

The cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses of juvenile-onset diabetic (Dia) and nondiabetic (Con) boys to light, moderate, and maximal treadmill work were investigated. No significant differences were observed between the Dia and Con subjects in cardiorespiratory responses to maximal and submaximal work. The mean values for the Dia boys during maximal treadmill work for ventilatory volume, oxygen uptake, heart rate, and lactic acid were 91.5 L/min, 54.9 ml/kg . min, rate, and lactic acid were 91.5 L/nin, 54.9 ml/kg . min, 198 beats/min, and 7.0 mM/L, respectively. In the Dia boys, maximal-, light-, and moderate-intensity work produced significant plasma glucose decreases (P less than 0.05) of 1.64, 3.23, and 7.2 mM/L, respectively. In the Con boys, the submaximal work bouts were performed without significant change in plasma glucose levels, but glucose levels after maximal work were elevated 1.58 mM/L. Light and moderate work in both groups produced no changes in plasma triglycerides, free fatty acids, or lactic acid. However, for the Dia boys, maximal work was associated with a significant increase of 0.36 mM/L in triglycerides.

Adolescent↗

Plasma volume changes with movement to supine and standing positions.

The chronology of hemoconcentration and hemodilution associated with changes in posture, and the reliability of venous hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and plasma proteins (PP) as indicators in evaluating changes in plasma volume were determined in seven male subjects. Red cell mass was also measured by the CO method at the termination of the erect and supine positions. Movement to and from supine and erect positions produced consistent, rapid, and progressive changes in Hct, Hb, and PP. Thirty-five minutes in a supine position resulted in a 440-ml expansion of plasma volume. Resumption of the standing position resulted in an increase of 10.3 and 10.8% for Hct and Hb, respectively, and an increase in PP of 20.8%. A fluid efflux of 593 ml reduced blood and plasma volume by 9.5 and 16.2%, respectively. Red cell mass was unaffected by changes in posture. The significance of these postures on the reported alterations in plasma volumes consequent to the imposition of stresses on man are discussed.

Adult↗

Maximal and submaximal exercise in different positions.

Maximal aerobic power tests on a treadmill and on a bicycle ergometer while sitting upright and in a low-sitting position were performed by seven males and five females. Treadmill max Vo2 for men and women combined was 4.0 and 11.2% higher compared to upright and low-sitting cycling, respectively. Maximal pulmonary ventilation, related respiratory measures, and heart rate were similar in all three tests. Submaximal work performed in the two cycling positions resulted in similar levels of oxygen uptake, ventilation, and heart rate. Work loads of 360 and 720 Kpm/min were performed by males with oxygen uptakes of 14.7 and 25.2 ml/kg . min, which corresponded to 30 and 52% of their upright-sitting maximal oxygen uptakes and to 33 and 55% of their low-sitting aerobic capacities respectively. Oxygen uptakes for work loads of 360 and 540 Kpm/min by females were 15.6 and 21.6 ml/kg . min, being equivalent to 42 and 58% of the maximal oxygen uptake in the upright-sitting, and to 43 and 60% in the low-sitting ergometer position, respectively.

Adult↗

Physical fitness is inversely related to heart disease risk: a factor analytic study.

We measured cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, anaerobic run time, coronary risk factors, and dietary habits in male fire fighters (n = 779, ages 18 to 64 years) and performed factor analysis to determine the interrelationships and underlying factor structure of the data set. Principal component analysis produced nine factors (eigenvalues greater than 1.0) accounting for 61% of the total variance. However, the variable loadings were inconsistent, preventing a meaningful interpretation of the factor solution. These problems were solved through the principal axis method of common factor analysis, which revealed three factors (eigenvalues greater than 1.0) accounting for 29% of the total variance. Orthogonal rotation (varimax method), showed Factors 1, 2, and 3 accounting for 52%, 29%, and 19%, respectively, of the common variance. Factor 1, labeled physical fitness capacity (PFC), included age, situps, treadmill performance time, pushups, maximum exercise heart rate, and anaerobic run time. Factor 2, designated coronary risk status (CRS), included body mass index, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol-high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. Factor 3, termed food frequency intake (FFI), included the weekly intake of fried foods, beef, pork, eggs, caffeine, and cheese. Percentage body fat loaded on both PFC and CRS. Measures such as blood pressure, grip strength, resting heart rate, maximum exercise systolic blood pressure, cigarettes smoked per day, and weekly frequency of milk, fish, fowl, and alcohol intake contributed little to the factor solution. Correlation coefficients after oblique rotation showed PFC to be inversely related to CRS (r = -0.48). However, FFI was independent of PFC (r = 0.07) and CRS (r = -0.10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗