Hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase and its circulating substrate, whole blood tryptophan, have a circadian rhythmicity in mice. Intact adrenocortical function is required for the normal rhythmicity of both enzyme and substrate although an altered but less apparent rhythm persists in the adrenalectomized state.

Adrenal Glands↗

PubMed1966

Corneal opacities in infancy and childhood.

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Child, Preschool↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Association between preadmission oral antibiotic therapy and cerebrospinal fluid findings and sequelae caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis.

The association between the administration of oral antibiotics and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and sequelae was investigated in 281 children with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis from two prospective studies. Ninety-four (33%) children were pretreated; 59% of pretreated children received ampicillin or amoxicillin. Compared with untreated children, in pretreated children significant decreases were noted in the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the CSF (P less than 0.03), CSF protein concentration (P less than 0.001) and percentage with a positive CSF Gram stain or culture (P less than 0.05). When adjusted for duration of illness prior to admission, only the CSF protein concentration remained different (P less than 0.01). Children who were pretreated were more likely (P less than 0.05) to have paresis at one or more follow-up visits and sensorineural hearing loss (P less than 0.05), but these differences were diminished when adjusted for duration of illness before admission. The duration of illness prior to admission was significantly (P less than 0.0001) longer for pretreated (median, 3.0 days) than for untreated children (median, 1.0 day). The incidence of deafness did not correlate with duration of illness before admission by multiple logistic regression analysis (P = 0.132), but deafness was significantly (P less than 0.02; relative risk, 5.9) more common when all children who were ill for more than 1 day prior to admission were compared to those children who were ill for 1 day or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacology and cerebrospinal fluid penetration of moxalactam in children and dosage recommendations.

The pharmacokinetics and penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of moxalactam were evaluated in 20 children with bacterial meningitis. After moxalactam was given iv as a loading dose of 100 mg/kg followed by two doses of 50 mg/kg every 6 hr, the mean serum concentrations were 205 micrograms/ml at the end of the last infusion and 11 micrograms/ml at 6 hr. The beta elimination half-life was 3.6 hr for children younger than nine months of age and 1.7 hr for children older than nine months of age. The mean CSF concentration of moxalactam was 3.8 micrograms/ml (range, 0.9-22.6 micrograms/ml). The mean concentration of moxalactam in CSF was 19.1% (range, 3.1%-97%) that in serum. Bactericidal titers were at least 1:32 in 12 CSF specimens. Concentrations of moxalactam in CSF correlated significantly (P less than 0.001) with concentrations of protein in CSF. Concentrations of moxalactam in CSF were greatly in excess of minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations for Haemophilus influenzae type b. Dosages of moxalactam for the treatment of systemic infections due to H. influenzae type b in children are proposed.

Cephalosporins↗