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Biomedical subjects

R Cuneo

Publications and source records attributed to R Cuneo.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Cardiac cachexia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cachexia↗
PubMed1991

Glucose metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency.

Adults with GHD have normal overnight fasting glucose levels and normal overall glucose turnover. In the absence of GH, insulin secretion is reduced and may be associated with impaired glucose tolerance. The lack of GH is associated with normal insulin sensitivity but reduced hypoglycaemic responsiveness, probably due to a reduced supply of gluconeogenic substrates. When GHD is associated with obesity, however, hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance ensue and hypoglycaemic responsiveness is restored. In adults with GHD, treatment with recombinant human GH for 6 months increased fasting plasma glucose to within the normal range, with no change in overall glucose turnover and carbohydrate tolerance, in the presence of elevated basal insulin levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Metabolic effects of hypopituitarism and acromegaly.

Hypopituitarism is associated with reduced lean body mass and increased body fat, while in acromegaly the converse is true. Fasting plasma glucose is increased in acromegaly but fasting plasma insulin and C-peptide are increased in both groups. There is a positive association between fat mass and fasting serum insulin in hypopituitarism, suggesting insulin resistance. Hypoglycaemia unresponsiveness, rather than insulin sensitivity, is the feature of growth hormone deficiency. Basal metabolic rate (expressed per kg body weight) is increased in acromegaly and decreased in hypopituitarism but when expressed 'per kg lean body mass', is increased in both groups. There is a close correlation between fat mass and fasting free fatty acid and glycerol levels in obese but not normal weight patients with hypopituitarism; slim patients appear to metabolise and oxidise their fat stores more effectively than those who remain obese. Thus indirect evidence suggests that growth hormone has an important role in maintaining normal body composition and energy stores.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1991

Growth hormone and protein metabolism.

Adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency have decreased lean body mass which can be normalized by GH treatment. The anabolic action of GH involves redistribution of nitrogen from ureogenesis to the extrahepatic anabolic process together with stimulation of amino acid uptake and protein synthesis.

Body Composition↗
PubMed1988

Role of Broviac catheters in infections in children with cancer.

In a 3-year period 157 single lumen Broviac catheters were inserted in 145 children with various neoplastic diseases. The overall duration of the catheter courses was 30,533 days (median, 171; range, 2 to 647). Sixty-five percent of the catheter courses (102 of 157) were complicated by at least 1 febrile episode, for a total of 157 episodes. According to European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer criteria, 79 febrile episodes (50%) were classified as microbiologically documented infections, 57 (36%) with and 22 (14%) without septicemia; 31 (20%) as clinically documented infections; and 47 (30%) as possible infections. Of the 79 microbiologically documented infections 21 were catheter-related infections (CRI), 32 were catheter-unrelated infections and 26 were infections of unknown source. Only 48% of CRI occurred during neutropenia (less than 1000 neutrophils/mm3), compared with 88% of catheter-unrelated infections and 96% of infections of unknown origin (P = 0.00007). Gram-positive microorganisms (56% staphylococci) accounted for 78% of all isolates in CRI, 47% in catheter-unrelated infections and 43% in infections of unknown origins (P = 0.03). Fungi represented 12% of all isolates. Clinical and microbiologic resolution without removal of the catheter was achieved in 12 of 21 CRI (57%) and no patient died from a CRI. This study indicates that over 3 of 4 of CRI are caused by Gram-positive bacteria, occur in neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients (approximately 50%) and can be successfully treated without removing the catheter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Metabolic clearance rate and plasma half life of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide in man.

The disappearance and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of alpha human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha h-ANP) has been studied in normal man by radioimmunoassay of the atrial peptide in plasma and plasma extracts. After an intravenous (iv) bolus injection of 100 micrograms alpha h-ANP, levels of immunoreactive alpha h-ANP (IR-alpha hANP) in unextracted plasma fell rapidly and exponentially during the first 10 min (t1/2 = 2.5 min), after which levels declined more slowly to reach basal values 30 min after injection. Venous plasma extracts, purified by Sep Pak cartridges, were used to calculate the MCR of IR-alpha hANP under steady state conditions of constant iv infusion (200 micrograms over 60 min) in healthy volunteers. Calculated MCR from venous samples was 2.4 L/min and volume of distribution 10.7 L. After cessation of infusions, the disappearance rate (rapid phase) of IR-alpha hANP was 3.1 min. These studies show that alpha h-ANP is rapidly metabolized at rates similar to other vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II and vasopressin.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗