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Biomedical subjects

R Crawford

Publications and source records attributed to R Crawford.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Comparison of the nucleic acid sequence of anglerfish and mammalian insulin mRNA's from cloned cDNA's.

Anglerfish (Lophius americanus) insulin complementary DNA was cloned in bacterial plasmids, and its sequence was determined. Fish insulin messenger RNA is larger (1.5 times) than the messenger RNA encoding mammalian (rat and human) insulin, in part because of a larger C peptide (an additional six amino acids or 18 nucleotides in length) but mainly because of increases in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. Comparison of the fish, rat, and human insulin messenger RNA (from the complementary DNA) reveals that, in addition to the regions coding for the A and B peptides, sequence conservation is limited to a segment within the 5' untranslated region which may be involved in ribosomal binding, two small segments of the signal peptide, and two stretches of sequence in the 3' untranslated region.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding two distinct somatostatin precursors found in the endocrine pancreas of anglerfish.

Complementary DNAs for two distinct anglerfish somatostatin peptides (termed I and II) have been cloned in bacterial plasmids and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence for somatostatin I encodes a large percursor peptide (molecular weight 13,300) in which the somatostatin hormones is at the carboxyl terminus. The predicted 14-amino acid sequence for anglerfish somatostatin I is the same as mammalian somatostatin. Somatostatin II is also synthesized as part of a larger precursor (molecular weight 14,100) with the presumptive somatostatin hormone also at the carboxyl terminus. The 14-amino acid sequence of somatostatin II differs from somatostatin I at two internal residues (Tyr in place of Phe 7 and Gly in place of Thr 10). The two different somatostatins may have distinct biological activities. Homologies in the amino acid sequences of the two peptides outside the somatostatin moiety suggest other regions of the molecules have biological functions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Healthism and the medicalization of everyday life.

This article considers some implications of the new health consciousness and movements--holistic health and self-care--for the definition of and solution to problems related to "health." Healthism represents a particular way of viewing the health problem, and is characteristic of the new health consciousness and movements. It can best be understood as a form of medicalization, meaning that it still retains key medical notions. Like medicine, healthism situates the problem of health and disease at the level of the individual. Solutions are formulated at that level as well. To the extent that healthism shapes popular beliefs, we will continue to have a non-political, and therefore, ultimately ineffective conception and strategy of health promotion. Further, by elevating health to a super value, a metaphor for all that is good in life, healthism reinforces the privatization of the struggle for generalized well-being.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1977

Urinary amino acid excretion: comparison of normal individuals and patients with bladder cancer.

The excretion levels of urinary amino acids obtained from acid hydrolysates were studied by gas chromatographic analysis in 29 normal individuals and 118 patients with bladder carcinoma. Leucine and isoleucine excretion were elevated in patients with bladder carcinoma as compared with normal subjects under the same experimental condition. Mathematical computer-assisted programs developed to aid in determining clusters of amino acid variables suggested that excretion of glycine, leucine, proline, and glutamic acid in men and concentrations of valine, serine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and lysine in women vary according to the invasiveness of the disease. These findings suggest that measurements of urinary amino acids may provide a useful parameter for the detection and aid in the staging of bladder carcinoma.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Necrotizing fasciitis: a persistent surgical problem.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare but specific clinical entity which, if not diagnosed early and treated aggressively, is rapidly fatal. The disease was first described during the Civil War and continues to be associated with a 50% mortality. The infectious process is diagnosed by the presence of a widespread fascial necrosis with extensive undermining of the adjacent tissues. The initial mechanism of injury as well as the location and etiologic agent of the suppurative fasciitis may vary. A review of 41 cases of necrotizing fasciitis occurring over a 22-year period disclosed an overall mortality of 39%. Most often, the mortality was related to the severity of the associated diseases and a failure to recognize the disease process promptly. The rate may be lowered by early recognition and prompt surgical intervention coupled with intensive supportive therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

You are dangerous to your health: the ideology and politics of victim blaming.

This article describes the emergence of an ideology which blames the individual for her or his illness and proposes that, instead of relying on costly and inefficient medical services, the individual should take more responsibility for her or his health. At-risk behavior is seen as the problem and changing life-style, through education and/or economic sanctions, as the solution. The emergence of the ideology is explained by the contradictions arising from the threat of high medical costs, popular expectations of medicine along with political pressures for protection or extension of entitlements, and the politicization of environmental and occupational health issues. These contradictions produce a crisis which is at once economic, political and ideological, and which requires responses to destabilizing conditions in each of these spheres. These ideological initiatives, on the one hand, serve to reorder expectations and to justify the retrenchment from rights and entitlements for access to medical services, and, on the other, attempt to divert attention from the social causation of disease in the commercial and industrial sectors.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1976

Regulation of breathing during exercise in normal subjects and in chronic lung disease.

1. The breathing pattern in normal subjects during exercise was compared with that in patients with obstructive and restrictive lung defects. 2. In most normal women and patients with obstructive or restrictive lung disease, as the frequency of breathing increased both inspiratory and expiratory duration fell. However, in most normal men (74 per cent) inspiratory duration did not fall as ventilation increased. 3. Women breathed faster than men, and both obstructed and restricted patients breathed faster than normal subjects. 4. The airflow patterns in normal men and women were similar, but most patients with restrictive or obstructive lung disease showed an approximately exponential fall in flow during expiration.

Adult↗