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Biomedical subjects

R Costantini

Publications and source records attributed to R Costantini.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Irregularity of spicules of the genus Spiculocaulus Schulz, Orlow and Kutass, 1933].

The accurate measurement of the length of the spicules of 100 male specimens of a lung nematode belonging to a species of the genus Spiculocaulus collected from trachea and bronchi of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) of Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso--Italian Western Alps--shows that the spicules are constantley inequal: the left spicule is the longer. The original description of the species Spiculocaulus austriacus (Gebauer, 1932) found in trachea and bronchi of Rupicapra rupicapra from Austrian Alps state to the contrary that in this species spicules are equal in length. New investigations are necessary to establish if the species S. austriacus has to be redescribed for this important character or if our specimens belong to a new species.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical study on transient hypocalcemia subsequent to thyroid excision interventions].

The Authors have examined 30 patients post-total thyroidectomy and registered a transient decrease of calcemia in 9 and a decrease of PTH in 11. Serum albumin and calcitonin were always normal. In all the patients calcemia and PTH returned to normal values in 7 days except in 2 patients in whom the values were normalized after one month.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Observations of fleas of small mammals at the Gran Paradiso National Park (Italian Occidental Alps)].

The Siphonaptera of small mammals (nearly 200 rodents, insectivora and mustelids) of the Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso (Western Italian Alps) have been collected and studied during the years 1973-75. All the animals have been captured at altitudes ranging from 1570 to 2400 m during different seasons. Twelve genera and sixteen species have been identified, namely: Chaetopsylla (C.) homoea homoea from Mustela erminea; Hystrichopsylla (H.) talpae talpae from Clethrionomys glareolus; Rhadinopsylla (A.) integella integella from Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus nivalis; Ctenophtalmus (C.) agyrtes verbanus from Pitymys multiplex (collected by Beaucournu); Ctenophthalmus (C.) solutus solutus from Apodemus flavicollis and Apodemus sylvaticus; Ctenophthalmus (Medioctenophthalmus) nivalis nivalis from Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus nivalis and Pitymys multiplex; Doratopsylla dasycnema cuspis from Sorex araneus and Clethrionomys glareolus; Palaeopsylla soricis rosickyi from Sorex araneus; Leptopsylla segnis from Apodemus sylvaticus and Mus musculus; Peromyscopsylla bidentata bidentata from Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus nivalis; peromyscopsylla fallax from clethrionomgs glareous; Amphipsylla sibirica ssp. from clethrionomys glareolus and microtus nivalis; Malaraeus (Amalaraeus), penicilliger kratachvili from Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus nivalis and Mustela erminea; Myoxopsylla laverani from Eliomys quercinus; Callopsylla saxatilis from Apodemus flavicollis, Microtus nivalis and Mustela erminea. Species of fleas not yet described in Italy are: Chaetopsylla (C.) homoea homoea; Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) mesa; Ctenophthalmus (Medioctemophthalmus) nivalis nivalis; Callopsylla saxatilis. The genus Callopsylla is identified for the first time in Italy. New identification of hosts for the species of fleas already described in Italy are: for Rhadinopsylla (Actenophthalmus) integella integella: Clethrionomys glareolus; for Ctenophthalmus (C.) solutus solutus: Apodemus flavicollis and Apodemus sylvaticus. All the 15 male specimens of M. laverani from E. quercinus captured in the Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso have characters more similar to M. l. traubi than to M. l. laverani: only one long and a much shorter spine in the superior half of the movable process, a distinct tooth in the anterior margin of the movable half of the movable process, a distinct tooth in the anterior margin of the movable process, crochets of phallosome shorter and more gradually tapered, apex of fixed process very acuminated. To the contrary the shape of the movable process is similar to that of M. l. laverani. A point of particular interest is to be found also in 2 specimens of Amphypsilla of the sibirica group, respectively collected from Mustela erminea and Microtus nivalis. They have a very atypical distribution of the spine in an abnormally shaped movable process: the reasons of the abnormality are due to castration, probably of parasitic origin (absence of phallosome, tendons, etc.).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diffusion of pulmonary Nematoda in the steinbock (Capra ibex) and the chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) at the Gran Paradiso National Park and the di Valdieri Reservation].

The results obtained in a survey on the diffusion of pulmonary nematodes in 13 steinbocks (Capra ibex) and 71 chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) of the Parco Nazionale del Gran Paradiso, and 49 chamois of the Riserva di Valdieri, Italian Western Alps, are reported. The following species of nematodes were identified: Spiculocaulus austriacus, Protostrongylus rufescens, Protostrongylus hobmaieri in steinbocks; Protostrongylus rupicaprae, Protostrongylus hobmaieri, Protostrongylus refescens,Protostrongylus sp., Spiculocaulus austriacus and Dictyocaulus filaria in chamois. The study of two species, viz. Spiculocaulus austriacus and Protostrongylus sp., is still in progress because these nematodes show morphological peculiarities never previously described.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The finger fracture technique in hepatic resection].

The main complementary techniques for "finger fracture" in liver resections are evaluated. It is retained that transparenchymal resections should be limited to segmental resections (uni-, bi- or trisegmentectomies), while in case of extensive resections (lobectomy or extensive lobectomy) an operation with extraparenchymal preparation of the hepatic pedicle and possibly of the suprahepatic vein is preferable. Lastly a casuistry of 24 hepatic resections for primary or metastatic tumours is presented.

Blood Loss, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A clinical study of the surgical treatment of liver metastases].

It is emphasized that currently only surgery offers a real hope of improving the prognosis of patients suffering from liver metastases and many data from the Literature supporting this contention are reported. Indications and prognostic factors for the surgical treatment of these lesions are evaluated. A series of 36 patients operated on for hepatic metastases and the relative technical procedures are presented. In 33 cases the primary tumor was a colorectal carcinoma. Two right lobectomies and 34 minor resections or segmentectomies were performed. No peroperative mortality was observed. The survival rate was 70% after 1 year, 51% after 2 years, and 27% after 3 years.

Carcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of Siphonaptera in Somalia].

In the period 1982-1984 samples of fleas were collected from wild animals of the Middle Scebeli, Low Scebeli and Bay Regions of Somalia. In total 1,335 specimens (486 males and 849 females) were obtained from 17 species of mammalian hosts out of the 19 examined. The following species of fleas were identified: Echidnophaga gallinacea, E. larina, E. murina, Ctenocephalides felis strongylus, Synosternus burtoni, S. somalicus, S. burtoni, S. somalicus, C. felis strongylus and E. larina are known to be widespread in Somalia; on the contrary, the presence of E. gallinacea in this country has not been reported in the literature, though the flea collection of the Institute of Parasitology of the University of Rome owns five females of this species which were collected by Zavattari in South Somalia during the year 1933. Moreover, as far as it is known, E. murina has not been reported in Somalia until now. The spermatheca of the females identified as S. burtoni is described in detail as it shows characteristics which have not been apparently reported before.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Distribution of nematode parasites of the digestive system in sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus) of the Piedmontese and Valdostano Alpine arc].

A survey, carried out on gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep and goats of Piemonte and of Valle d'Aosta (87 sheep and 12 goats) has shown the presence of the following species in sheep, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Chabertia ovina, Cooperia curticei, Haemonchus contortus, Marshallagia marshalli, Nematodirus abnormalis, Nematodirus filicollis, Nematodirus helvetianus, Nematodirus spathiger, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Ostertagia circumcincta, Ostertagia lyrata, Ostertagia trifurcata, Skrjabinema ovis, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostronglus colubriformis, Trichostronglus vitrinus, Trichuris ovis and Trichuris skrjabini; in goats, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Chabertia ovina, Haemonchus contortus, Nematodirus filicollis, Nematodirus helvetianus, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Ostertagia circumcincta, Ostertagia ostertagi, Ostertagia trifurcata, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus vitrinus. The percentage of each species in the two host is given in the text table.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Importance of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the transmission of sarcosporidiosis from the steinbock (Capra ibex) at the Gran Paradiso National Park].

Sarcosporidiasis is a very common infection of steinbocks (Capra ibex) and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) of Gran Paradiso National Park, Italian Western Alps, frequently with serious cardiac involvement. No dogs or cats are allowed inside the Park, to the contrary foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are present every where, near steinbocks and chamois, and eat on the bodies of dead animals. Feces of Vulpes vulpes were collected in the same area, where the infected Capra ibex used for the following experiment was living (Gran Nomenon - Chantel - P.N.G.P. Val di Cogne, altitude ranging from 2200 to 2600 m). These feces and feces from foxes collected in different areas of Valle dell'Orco were found positive for sporulated sporocysts which varied between 8-10 X 13-15 mum. Infected muscles of a Capra ibex (oesophagus, heart, diaphragm, intercostal and abdominal muscles, etc.) were fed to canidae (Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus and Canis familiaris), felidae (Felis catus, Felis leo) mustelidae (Putorius putorius furo) and to a prey bird (Falco tinnunculus). One Vulpes vulpes and two Canis familiaris were maintained as control under the same experimental conditions. Only Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus and Canis familiaris excreted sporulated sporocysts in their feces after 12, 13 and 21 days respectively and for several weeks. These sporocysts varied between 8-10 X 13-15 mum. All the other animals (Felis catus, Felis leo, Putorius putorius furo and Falco tinnunculus) remained costantly negative during all the experiments. It is concluded that Vulpes vulpes, Canis lupus and Canis familiaris (Canidae) are definitive hosts of Sarcocystis sp. of Capra ibes of P.N.G.P., and that sarcosporidiasis of steinbocks is transmitted inside the Parco (P.N.G.P.) by Vulpes vulpes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Totally implantable central venous systems in neoplastic patients].

Long-term chemotherapeutic drugs administration in cancer patients requires the use of special devices such as TIS (Totally Implantable Systems) for central venous access without complications such as thrombosis and sepsis. From January 91 to January 95, 42 TIS were implanted in the same number of oncology patients at the Institute of Surgical Pathology of the University of Chieti. The catheters were inserted by surgical incannulation of the cephalic vein in 36 cases, of the external jugular vein in 5 cases and of the internal jugular vein in 1 case. Four complications occurred consisting of 3 cases of haematoma, which were resolved by wound revision and 1 case of port dislocation treated by repositioning without removing the system. It is concluded that TIS are currently the best technological solution in long-term central venous catheterization because of the very low rate of complications and the easier nursing management and significant improvement in the quality of life for these patients.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗