Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Cohen.
A ring-shaped radiopaque prosthesis was inserted at the esophagogastric junction in 93 patients for treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux. The results have been very satisfactory clinically, with only one complication; slip-page of one prosthesis over the body of the stomach. The radiographic appearance is described.
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To determine the electrophysiologic effects of slow response inhibiting agents manganese (Mn) and verapamil, we performed intracoronary infusion of these agents into ischemic, normal and infarcted tissue of canine hearts in situ. We determined intramyocardial conduction intervals, effective refractory period (ERP) and mean femoral arterial pressure. We compared control infusions of isotonic sucrose alone to those in which Mn (0.6 mmol/min) or verapamil (10-20 micrograms/min) was infused into ischemic tissue in the first 10 min after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. We also studied infarcted tissue 1 hr after coronary artery ligation (Mn only) and normal tissue. During ischemia, Mn delayed conduction intervals in the subepicardium but not in the subendocardium and shortened subepicardial ERP. Mn also increased the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation during ischemia. In infarcted tissue, Mn had no effects on conduction intervals or ERP while in normal tissue it also had no effect on conduction interval but prolonged ERP. Verapamil had no effect on conduction intervals or ERP in ischemic or normal tissue. Neither Mn nor verapamil had any significant effects on mean blood pressure in these studies. Lack of effect of verapamil in ischemic tissue may be explained by the varying and offsetting effects of this drug. Effects of Mn can be explained by slow response occurring during ischemia (when ventricular arrhythmias and increased local potassium concentration occur) in ischemic epicardium but not in endocardium and not when tissue became infarcted (and ventricular arrhythmias have declined). The results are also consistent with our finding that delayed electrical activity in ischemic zones (which may reflect reentrant activity and be associated with arrhythmias) occurred only in subepicardium and not in subendocardium.
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In the current literature on aphasia, two explanations of paraphasic errors are suggested: one is based on the idea of conscious verbal substitutions, and the other on that of uncontrolled faults in production. The purpose of this study was to relate both explanations to a) the usual classification of verbal and phonemic paraphasias, b) the different types of aphasia, and c) the severity of the aphasic disturbance. In free reproductions of 19 fluent aphasics A(F) and 21 nonfluent aphasics A(NF), the immediate verbal context of paraphasias was examined in relation to a) the nature and severity of the paraphasic errors and b) the severity of the aphasia. The A(NF) group made significantly more hesitations before both verbal and phenemic paraphasias. There was no significant difference between the two groups in control after phonemic paraphasias, but the A(NF) showed a significantly higher rate of control incidents after verbal paraphasias. Thus the two explanations of paraphasia may correspond to different kinds of paraphasic behavior, which are symptomatic of two varieties of aphasia, fluent and nonfluent.
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Follow-up results of a behaviorally orientated treatment program for alcoholic women are presented. Sixty patients, carefully screened, were admitted on a special ward in groups of not larger than 12 for a period of 3 months. Abstinence was the declared goal of all individual and group treatments. More than 13 months after discharge interviews were carried out with 58 of the 60 former patients in their homes. Further information was collected from relatives and social workers. Forty per cent of those interviewed qualified as abstinent, 9% had improved, 3% were controlled drinkers, 5% had become worse and 43% had not improved. Specific aspects of the program are discussed.
Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics, non-aphasic brain-damaged patients and chronic schizophrenics were tested in a colour-to-picture matching task. For each of 42 black-and-white drawings of objects the most "typical" colour was to be selected from a set of 24 colour strips. Separate scores for the appropriateness of the choices as to hue, brightness, and saturation were obtained by comparison with the data from 50 normal Ss. The choices of both aphasic groups were more deviant than those of brain-damaged controls for chromatically coloured objects with respect to all three colour dimensions, and for achromatically coloured objects with respect to saturation and brightness. Wherever the aphasics' performance was worse than that of the controls, the deviancy-scores correlated significantly with the Token Test. Results are interpreted as an impairment of aphasics in the ability to isolate analytically specific features of objects or concepts which might be conceived of as a prerequisite of propositional language.
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Personal interview surveys in recent years have provided national estimates of use of marihuana, heroin, and other substances. Over a number of national surveys, consistent relationships have been observed between drug abuse and demographic variables such as age, education, and sex. Where one lives has also been found to be significantly related to level of drug abuse. This is observed in survey data in relationships between experience with drugs and geographic region of residence and community size and type. Regression and other multivariate analyses have been used to help understand the prevalence of drug abuse among various segments of the general population and have provided a means to explore relationships between drug use and a number of additional factors related to location of residence. Regression procedures have also been used in an exploratory way to provide drug abuse estimates for States.
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