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Biomedical subjects

R Clark

Publications and source records attributed to R Clark.

423 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
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Infectious waste. A survey of handling practices in Lincoln, Nebraska.

Concerns surrounding the issue of infectious waste prompted a City-County Health Department survey of infectious waste handling in Lincoln, Neb. (pop. 205,000). A detailed questionnaire was mailed to 347 facilities identified as possible infectious waste generators. The participation rate was 38 percent overall and 49.5 percent for reported generators. Treatment and storage deficiencies were found in eight of 11 categories.

Data Collection↗
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Efficacy of racism-specific coping styles as predictors of cardiovascular functioning.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationship between racism-specific coping strategies and cardiovascular responses to an ethnically relevant speaking task. METHODS: Fifty-seven African-American females participated in a speaking task during which they discussed their experiences with inter-ethnic group racism. Blood pressure and heart rate responses were measured during a pre-speech, speech, and recovery period. Racism-specific coping strategies were assessed with both the Perceived Racism Scale (PRS) and the Ways of Coping Scale-Revised (WCS-R). RESULTS: Multivariate regression analyses indicated that racism-specific coping strategies assessed via the PRS and WCS-R predicted blood pressure and heart rate changes. Passive coping strategies were generally associated with greater changes in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate during the pre-speech and speech periods, and with incomplete diastolic blood pressure recovery and heart rate recovery. Unexpectedly, the use of more active roping strategies was also associated with greater changes in diastolic blood pressure, and with incomplete heart rate recovery. CONCLUSION: This study provides preliminary empirical evidence that racism-specific coping styles may contribute to blood pressure and heart rate variability in African-American females.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
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Some effects of disinfecting solutions on the properties of alginate impression material and dental stone.

The study investigated the effect of two disinfecting solutions on one brand of alginate impression material and dental stone. Control impressions were immersed in water for equivalent periods and the effect of storage of impressions after disinfection or control immersion in water was also investigated. There were no significant dimensional changes in impressions poured after one hour. All impressions stored for 16 hours before pouring showed significant dimensional changes. Mixing dental stone with one disinfectant caused a significant softening of the cast. It is strongly recommended that all impressions are thoroughly rinsed with water after disinfection to prevent incorporation of disinfectant in the cast.

Alginates↗
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[Evaluation of an ELISA technique for detection of antigens and circulating immune complexes of Trypanosoma cruzi by a field study in an endemic zone of Argentina].

The ELISA technique for detection of T. cruzi circulating antigens (cAg) and immune complexes (CIC) in the sera of chronic chagasic patients was field-tested in a well-known endemic area of Argentina (San Luis province). Of 215 individuals screened, 51 were positive for ELISA-CIC and 45 for ELISA-cAg. Seventy four subjects were considered por T. cruzi-infected, as they showed serologic reactivity at least by two different techniques. In this group, 49 (66.21%) were ELISA-CIC positive, whereas in 43 (58.11%) of them cAg was found by ELISA. Unspecific reactions were observed in only 2 cases with reactive serology for Chagas disease. Within the group considered as noninfected, a false-positive outcome was obtained at low dilution by one of the serologic tests in 16 (11.35%) of 141 individuals. These sera yielded consistently negative results by ELISA-CIC and cAg, showing the utility of antigen detection in situations of conflictive serology. While antibody determination merely provides an indirect proof of infection, our ELISA tests for demonstration of T. cruzi-specific antigenic fractions in the host's circulation allow a parasitologic diagnosis in chronic patients, with higher sensitivity than that exhibited by traditional methods for detection of the whole parasite.

Adolescent↗
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Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus in heart transplant recipients.

This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of diabetes, which develops after heart transplantation, on infection and patient survival. Nondiabetic patients (366) underwent heart transplantation at our institution between June 1, 1980 and January 12, 1988. Of these patients, 29 (8%) developed posttransplantation diabetes (PTD), defined as a continued need for hypoglycemic agents. The PTD group did not differ significantly from the nondiabetic recipients in age, sex, or human leukocyte antigen type. The average age in the PTD group was 49 years. Average length of follow-up was 21 months (range 4 to 46 months). Eighteen patients are maintained on insulin. Eight patients are on oral hypoglycemic agents. Three patients died while on insulin. The average prednisone dosage in this group is 0.23 mg/kg/day. There have been 18 minor infections and four potentially serious nonlethal infections in the 27 PTD recipients. One lethal infection occurred 33 months after heart transplantation. The only other fatality was related to metastatic bladder cancer. This lethal infection rate of 3% compares with a rate of 11% in all nondiabetic recipients who have follow-up for 21 months. The 3-year actuarial survival of the PTD group is 75%, which compares favorably with the survival of nondiabetic patients. PTD cannot be predicted by sex, age, or human leukocyte type before transplantation, and it does not significantly increase the incidence of mortality or serious infection.

Coronary Angiography↗
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Delivery of Health Care↗
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The perceived racism scale: a multidimensional assessment of the experience of white racism among African Americans.

The experience of racism is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon. At present, there are few instruments that attempt to capture the experience of racism in all of its complexity. For this study, a new instrument, the Perceived Racism Scale, has been constructed to assess the experience of racism in African Americans in a multidimensional manner. The scale not only provides a measure of the frequency of exposure to many manifestations of racism (including individual and institutional, overt and covert, attitudinal, behavioral, and cultural), but takes a step forward in more comprehensively measuring the experience of racism by assessing emotional and behavioral coping responses to racism. These responses are measured with respect to exposure to racism in three situational domains: on the job, in academic settings, and in the public realm. Measurement of responses to a fourth domain, that of exposure to racist statements, is also included. It is hoped that the Perceived Racism Scale will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the experience of racism among African Americans and, through its use in research and clinical settings, will ultimately move us closer to reducing the prevalence and potentially untoward effects of racism.

Adaptation, Psychological↗