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Biomedical subjects

R Chernoff

Publications and source records attributed to R Chernoff.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The Pediatric Early Elementary Examination: sensitivity and specificity.

Evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the Pediatric Early Elementary Examination (PEEX), a test designed to identify children at risk for learning problems. Using a sample of 299 seven- to nine-year-old "disadvantaged" children, the number of "areas of concern" identified by the PEEX and a school record indicating whether a child was receiving special educational services were used to compute test sensitivity and specificity. For two areas of concern, the sensitivity was 76.9% and specificity was 59.9%. The findings indicate that the PEEX correctly identified only 64.3% of children receiving special educational services. The test has a high rate of false positives while still failing to identify 6-7.5% of the children receiving special education services. Other issues relating to the utility of the PEEX are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Geriatric Rehabilitation Unit: a 3-year outcome evaluation.

One-hundred-ninety elderly (mean age 75.8 years), disabled patients at risk of being institutionalized due to stroke, acute medical problems, dementia, and other illnesses completed a rehabilitation program at the Geriatric Rehabilitation Unit (GRU). A retrospective study to measure possible impacts of rehabilitation on functional status and placement at discharge from the GRU and on living situation 1 year postdischarge showed an improvement of functional status after rehabilitation in nearly all patients. By discharge, the number of patients with partial or total activities of daily living (ADL) independence increased from 87 to 173, ambulatory patients increased from 42 to 127, continent patients from 89 to 141 and mentally clear patients from 40 to 91. Higher ratings in these parameters at discharge were associated with better placement and significantly lower mortality 1 year postdischarge. Patients placed in noninstitutional settings had a lower (21%) mortality rate when compared with patients placed in nursing homes (mortality 45%). The GRU program is clearly associated with improved outcome of care.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1983

Continuing education needs assessment and program development: an alternative approach.

Continuing education has become increasingly important to the professions, including dietetics. There is some concern, however, that continuing education programs too seldom focus on practice-related problems and do not have a large enough impact on daily practice. A research and development endeavor is in progress to create an alternative approach to continuing education programming. Utilizing a process called the Practice Audit Model, this approach brings practitioners (or their representatives) and educators together to develop continuing education programs that focus on learning needs identified through an empirical assessment of practitioner performance.

Dietetics↗
PubMed1983

A profile of clinical dietetics practice in Pennsylvania.

Clinical dietitians in Pennsylvania (N = 185) responded to a survey (based on the practice description developed by the Clinical Dietetics Profession Team of the Continuing Professional Education Development Project) in which they rated time spent on and perceived importance of 11 responsibilities and 120 tasks in their practice. Practitioners spent the most time on responsibilities and tasks that they perceived to be most important. Responsibilities rated high in terms of time spent and importance were nutrition care implementation, nutrition care planning, nutrition assessment, and nutrition care evaluation. Dietitians reported spending a considerable amount of time on activities related to documentation.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1981

Nutritional support: formulas and delivery of enteral feeding. I. Enteral formulas.

Hospital malnutrition is a recognized condition that may be treated with a variety of feeding modalities. It is possible to achieve the goal of nutritional repletion with enteral feedings. Enteral feedings can now be prescribed for more types of patients because of our ability to better manipulate nutrition sources and the availability of modules and formulas designed for special use. The lower costs associated with enteral feeding have made it an option when nutritional support is required for a patient who has a functioning gastrointestinal tract.

Absorption↗
PubMed1981

Nutritional support: formulas and delivery of enteral feeding. II. Delivery systems.

As interest in enteral feeding formulas and techniques grows, the hardware (tubes, bags, pumps) is becoming increasingly sophisticated. Newer materials have eliminated earlier problems with feeding tubes, and different lengths and lumen sizes have made access to the gastrointestinal tract more efficient. Patients can be fed via nasoenteric access or directly via gastrostomy or jejunostomy. Enteral nutrition can be administered safely if a protocol for feeding patients and monitoring them regularly is followed. If done carefully, transitional feedings can also be carried out effectively.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed1980

Enteral feedings.

The benefits, equipment used, commercially available sources, and the indications and techniques for administration of enteral nutrients are reviewed. In many malabsorption states, enteral feeding is preferable and parenteral nutrients are seldom indicated. Transitional enteral nutrient support usually is indicated after parenteral nutrient therapy. Enteral tube-feeding formulas should be matched to the patient's needs; formulas using blenderized natural foods or intact isolated nutrients are appropriate for patients with intact gastrointestinal tracts. Patients should be monitored for glucosuria and hyperglycemia, bloating, nausea, dehydration, and renal, hepatic and hematologic status. Formula dilution, and a reduced flow rate or use of continuous-drip feeding, will reduce the incidence of osmotic diarrhea. The effectiveness, low cost and low potential for serious complications make enteral feeding preferable to parenteral nutrient therapy for many patients.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed1980

Medical and nutritional aspects of intractable diarrhea.

Diarrhea can be due to at least five pathogenetic mechanisms. Major examples of each are presented to better illustrate each type of diarrhea and to provide a springboard for discussion of the nutritional management of each class of diarrhea. Certainly, specific diseases require specific therapies, such as avoidance of gluten in adult coeliac disease, but the major dietary/nutritional alterations and subsequent treatment are similar for each class of disease. Nowhere in medicine and nutrition is an admonition to the health care team more important and more proper than in the treatment of chronic diarrheas: The feeding of healthy man, as well as the diet of the sick cannot be left to chance, guided by the appetite, or ruled by tradition, but can be safely directed only according to the laws of digestion and metabolism.

Adult↗