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Biomedical subjects

R Chapman

Publications and source records attributed to R Chapman.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Acute coronary insufficiency. An urgent surgical condition.

In 41 of 220 consecutive patients who had a coronary artery bypass operation between July 1973 and March 1974 the operation was for acute coronary insufficiency (recurrent chest pain with transient electrocardiographic changes persisting after admission to hospital). Their mean age was 54 (range 33-70 years). Eleven patients had had angina before, 14 had had at least one myocardial infarction, and 16 presented de novo. Eight of the latter 16 patients required only a single graft, usually to the left anterior descending artery, a significantly greater number than the two of the other 25 patients (P less than 0.01). Fourteen of these 16 patients had normal ventricular contraction, a significantly higher proportion than the 13 of the remaining 25 (p less than 0.05). No collaterals were seen in any of the 10 with single-vessel disease, which was significantly fewer than five out of 18 with double- and nine out of 13 with triple-vessel disease (P less than 0.005). Patients with rapidly developing obstruction, especially in the proximal left anterior descending artery, may not have time to develop collaterals, present acutely with good ventricular function, and may be particularly at risk. There was no operative mortality. The patients had a perioperative myocardial infarction, and there was one late death. At follow-up averaging 9-7 months (range 5-14 months) 32 (80%) patients were angina-free, no myocardial infarctions had occurred, and 85% were fully employed. Urgent coronary artery bypass grafting is a safe and effective treatment for acute coronary insufficiency.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Post-registration education in three fields of clinical practice.

This paper describes some empirical findings about the take-up of post-registration education by a substantial sample of clinical practitioners in three fields of practice--mental illness nursing, mental handicap nursing and midwifery. Some implications of the results are discussed in the context of the UKCC PREPP Report recommendations, as a contribution to the current debate about their implementation.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body composition testing of athletes in the field using bioelectric impedance analysis.

Bioelectric impedance analysis was performed as part of the field testing of seventeen athletes competing in the 1990 Iditarod Sled Dog Race. The purpose was to measure initial body composition and the changes that occurred during this extended performance period under Arctic conditions. Four women and thirteen men aged 26-53 years were tested to measure changes in their lean body weight, total body water, total body fat and percent body water. Study results record average body fat losses of 2.14 kg in the male and 1.02 kg in the female racers. Total body water and lean body mass remained stable, while an increase in body water percentage (men: 4.31%, women: 2.78%) was recorded. Though questions remain, bioelectric impedance analysis demonstrates potential for use in future field research projects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cisplatin, vindesine, and bleomycin (DVB) combination chemotherapy for esophageal carcinoma.

Forty-six patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus have been treated with a three-drug combination of cisplatin, vindesine, and bleomycin. Of the 40 patients currently evaluable for response, 21 have had partial remissions (52%). At least four of these responses were almost complete, with only microscopic disease found on endoscopy or review of the resected specimen. Toxic effects have, in general, been manageable. The major toxic effects included nausea and vomiting, nephrotoxicity, and myelosuppression. There were two drug-related deaths: one due to renal failure and one due to sepsis. The three-drug combination appears to be substantially more effective than either the two-drug combination of cisplatin and bleomycin or vindesine alone. Effects on survival cannot yet be evaluated.

Adult↗