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Biomedical subjects

R Chansin

Publications and source records attributed to R Chansin.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Assessment of the diagnostic value of the native PGLTB1, its synthetic neoglycoconjugate PGLTB0 and the sulfolipid IV antigens for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.

A major phenolic glycolipid (PGLTB1) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that resembles the phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) from M. leprae, and its synthetic terminal diglycosyl conjugate (PGLTB0) were reported and raised the prospects of a specific serodiagnostic test for tuberculosis (TB). The diagnostic use of a sulfolipid, namely the SLIV, was also reported. The objective of this investigation was to assess the relative sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of three ELISAs using the PGLTB1, the PGLTB0, and the SLIV as antigens for the serodiagnosis of TB. Similarly to leprosy patients for the PGL-I antigen, the TB patients responded preferentially in IgM against the phenolic glycolipid. We screened the sera from 191 active tuberculous patients, 29 healthy subjects living in France, 102 healthy Polynesian blood donors, 82 contacts of new TB patients, and 20 leprosy patients before treatment for IgG anti-SLIV, and for IgM anti-PGLTB1 and IgM anti-PGLTB0. TB patients showed significantly higher activity than did healthy Polynesians when tested against SLIV and PGLTB0, and the smear-positive group gave higher activity than did the smear-negative but culture-positive group, especially for IgG anti-SLIV. The leprosy patients did not show higher activity than the Polynesian controls. Respectively, for SLIV, PGLTB1 and PGLTB0 antigens, the specificities were of 95%, 85%, and 89%; the sensitivities of 36%, 16% and 15%; the efficiencies of 58%, 40% and 39%; the predictive values for a positive result, assuming a prevalence of 15% among patients with respiratory symptoms, were of 30%, 16% and 19%.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

[The usefulness of systematic follow-up of tuberculosis for the diagnosis of relapse in French Polynesia between 1971 and 1984].

Standard chemotherapy for one year was proposed for the treatment of tuberculous patients in French Polynesia between 1971 and 1978, and for nine months with the addition of pyrazinamide from 1979 to 1984. After treatment, the patients were followed up systematically for a period of 5 years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of the follow up measures to detect relapses. Of 1,065 patients treated between 1971 and 1984 at the centre for the control of tuberculosis 35 (3%) presented with a relapse, of whom 30 were confirmed either by bacteriological examination or histological examination. The level of relapse seen was not linked to age, sex, nor type of treatment received (one year or nine months). However, the level of relapse in non compliant patients to the initial treatment (7%) was significantly greater than those observed in patients who were totally compliant (2%) (p less than 0.0001). Of the 35 relapses 9 (26%) were discovered during routine follow up visits, of whom 8 were detected during the first year. The median delay separating apparent recovery from relapse was 8 months. 28 patients (80%) presented with symptoms suggestive of a relapse. Over 5 years 5773 consultations were carried out, which meant 642 consultations to detect one relapse. The authors suggest that in French Polynesia a systematic follow up limited to one year after apparent cure should be adequate.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence of asthma among teenagers attending school in Tahiti.

The prevalence of asthma was studied in 6731 adolescents (average age 13.5 years, 48.6% boys) attending school in three towns of the isle of Tahiti, according to the ethnic origin of both parents. The pupils completed a self-administered questionnaire in class; 14.3% gave an affirmative answer to the question "Have you ever had attacks of asthma?" (cumulative prevalence). That prevalence was 11.4% in the Europeans, 13.7% in the Chinese, 13.8% in the Polynesians, 15.3% in those whose parents were "halves" (half-bred from Polynesians and Europeans), and 16.0% in the miscellaneous group (= other origins) (P less than 0.02). Asthma was significantly more frequent in boys only among the Europeans and those with one European parent. The results of this study confirm the high prevalence of asthma in French Polynesia found in a previous study. They give no evidence of a racial difference in prevalence but suggest an influence of environment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Spirometry and maximal expiratory flow-volume curve reference standards for Polynesian, European, and Chinese teenagers.

Lung function was compared and reference standards were determined in 1,007 Polynesian, European, and Chinese teenagers attending school in Tahiti (517 boys, 490 girls; mean age, 14.4 years). Spirometric study results and maximal expiratory flow-volume curves were measured using techniques recommended by the American Thoracic Society. Age, standing height, and weight were chosen as the independent variables for males, and age and standing height for females. Regression equations constructed with logarithmically transformed dependent variables provided accurate predictions. We observed significant racial differences: in the Europeans, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were higher than the mean values predicted for the whole study population, while forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the FVC (FEF25-75%) and maximal expiratory flows after 25, 50, and 75 percent of FVC had been exhaled (V max 25, 50, and 75, respectively) were about equal to the mean values; in the Polynesians, volumes and flows were mostly lower than the mean; in the Chinese, FVC in boys and girls, and FEV1 in girls only, were lower, while the other flows were higher. The FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75%/FVC, Vmax25/FVC, Vmax50/FVC, and Vmax75/FVC were significantly higher than the mean in the Chinese boys and girls and often lower in the Europeans.

Adolescent↗