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Biomedical subjects

R Chandra

Publications and source records attributed to R Chandra.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Expansion of the infant subglottis by external cricoid distraction: an animal model.

A technique is described to expand the subglottis by anterior cricoid split (ACS) combined with external cricoid distraction (ECD) using a posterior belly of digastric muscle sling. This technique was used on 5-week-old rats that were killed 6 weeks after surgery, and the larynges were examined histologically and compared with those of rats who underwent ACS alone. Information was available from ten animals in the ECD group and five in the ACS alone group. Separation of the cut ends of the cricoid was found to be maintained in all animals after ECD, the gap having been filled by fibrous tissue lined by respiratory epithelium. A lesser degree of cricoid separation was seen in the animals that underwent ACS alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Sex bias in immunization coverage in an urban area of U.P.

Two hundred and ten female and two hundred and ten male children aged 1-2 years were identified using 30 cluster random sampling technique in the Nagar Palika of Sitapur. The immunization status was determined to assess differences, if any, in the coverage in accordance with the sex of the child. Except for measles, a significantly higher vaccination coverage was observed for male children as compared to females for every vaccine, this being 65.2 and 60.9%, respectively for DPT III and OPV III for males as compared to 51.9 and 49.5%, respectively for girls. The drop out rates for DPT and OPV were also found to be higher (p greater than 0.05) in female children. However, no difference was observed in the reasons for non-immunization between the female and male children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of filarial skin test with Brugia malayi larval antigen in the field.

To obtain comparable and reproducible results by filaria skin test with B. malayi larval antigen, standard procedure has been evolved. Antigen protein of 2 micrograms per test, injected intracutaneously, was found optimum for positive skin reaction. The reaction ratio based on increase of wheal area by 2 times or more was found to be statistically significant for interpreting positive results. However, in larger field trials, the simpler measurement of increase of wheal diameter by 1 1/2 times or more was found to be equally reliable. Patients treated with diethylcarbamazine citrate, antihistaminics and anti-inflammatory drugs are likely to be unresponsive to filarial antigen and will yield incorrect information.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Coagglutination test: a simple and rapid diagnostic technique for goat pox.

The coagglutination test was standardised using Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I (containing Protein A) coated with anti-goat pox serum for the detection of goat pox antigen of infected goat skin or kid kidney cell culture antigen. Agglutination was observed within 10 seconds in virus dilutions up to 10(-6). As the test is easy to perform it can be used for rapid diagnosis of goat pox.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1989

Documentation of the first web space angle.

We describe a new method of measuring adduction contractures of the thumb by using stent mould casts of the first web, which are sectioned sagittally to give an accurate clinical angle at their cut section. This can be recorded from ink impressions. This method has been used successfully in 65 cases and appears more accurate than other methods.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1989

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in childhood inflammatory bowel disease and cystic fibrosis.

The Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version was administered to 33 children with Crohn's disease, 11 with ulcerative colitis, and 46 with cystic fibrosis. Subjects with ulcerative colitis scored significantly higher on total number of obsessional symptoms and degree of resistance to symptoms than subjects with Crohn's disease. Scores of subjects with cystic fibrosis were intermediate between those of the ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease groups. However, neither the ulcerative colitis group nor the Crohn's disease group differed significantly from the cystic fibrosis group that were statistically significant. Duration of illness was negatively correlated with symptoms in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The results suggest that obsessive-compulsive symptoms are not specific to Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and that obsessive-compulsive symptoms in pediatric chronic illness may be secondary to the demands of the illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Depression and anxiety in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease and cystic fibrosis.

The lifetime and current prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders was determined in 41 children with Crohn's disease, 12 children with ulcerative colitis, and 52 children with cystic fibrosis, using the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia interview. The lifetime prevalence of depression was 29% in Crohn's disease, 21% in ulcerative colitis, and 11.5% in cystic fibrosis. The difference in the prevalence of depression between Crohn's disease and cystic fibrosis was significant (p less than 0.05). The lifetime and current prevalence of dysthymia was significantly greater in ulcerative colitis than Crohn's disease (p less than 0.01) or cystic fibrosis (p less than 0.01). The lifetime prevalence of atypical depression was significantly greater in Crohn's disease than cystic fibrosis (22% versus 5.8%, p less than 0.05) and was also greater in ulcerative colitis than cystic fibrosis (21% versus 5.8%, p = 0.1). There was no difference between the groups in the current prevalence of major depression or atypical depression, or in the lifetime or current prevalence of anxiety disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Role of lithium carbonate in pancytopenia following cytotoxic therapy.

Twenty-four patients presenting with pancytopenia following cytotoxic therapy were studied. Seventeen of them were given 900 mg/day of lithium carbonate apart from other supportive measures. Seven patients were used as controls and were not given any lithium. After 2 weeks, granulocyte count was significantly higher (p less than .05) in lithium-treated group. Platelet count was also higher though not statistically significant.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1989

Hepatic mitochondrial membranolysis repairing by spermidine.

Hepatic mitochondrial membrane lysis is caused due to excess vitamin A, has been repaired by spermidine. This fact has been proved by estimating membrane proteins, lipids, phospholipase A2 activity and membrane phospholipids of rat liver mitochondria by studying the effect of spermidine on membranolytic effect of excess vitamin A. Spermidine has been found to inhibit the activity of phospholipase A2 and thus stabilize the hepatic mitochondrial membranes in the hypervitaminoic A model, that is to say, the spermidine tries to bring down the enormously elevated levels of phospholipase A2 by administration of excess vitamin A in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The subaxillary pedicled flap.

The subaxillary fasciocutaneous flap is a new pedicled flap designed and developed by us for resurfacing defects on the dorsum of the hand, thumb, fingers and web-spaces. The lack of mobility and inability of the patient to dress properly during transfer of a groin or hypogastric flap prompted us to develop this flap which is based on the direct cutaneous branch of the subscapular-thoracodorsal arterial axis to the lateral thoracic region. It consists of skin, subcutaneous tissue and the underlying fascia. It is located in the region of the lower half of the lateral chest wall extending from 5th to 10th rib to the mid-axillary line and can be raised without any delay. The donor defect can be closed primarily or skin grafted if necessary and can be very easily taken care of during hospitalisation. It can be nicely concealed later on in life. The subaxillary fasciocutaneous flap has been tried by us in 10 cases and the results are presented in this paper.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cysticercosis of the brain shown by magnetic resonance imaging.

Fifteen patients in whom the diagnosis of cysticercosis of the brain was suggested by computed tomography (CT) were further studied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Besides lesions in the substance of the hemispheres, cysts were found adjacent to and within the ventricles, the brainstem, cerebellum and subarachnoid space. Magnetic resonance imaging showed brain involvement out of proportion to what was shown by CT. The eccentrically placed mural nodule within a cyst, the pathognomonic lesion of cysticercosis, was seen in all cases with MRI. The various stages of development of the cysticercus larva were seen in one individual. An attempt is made to illustrate the various stages of development by means of MR images, and a possible pathological explanation is offered. The authors believe that MRI provides diagnostic information in this disease and dispenses with the need for enhanced CT examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of 99mtechnetium-dimercapto-succinic acid renal scans in experimental acute pyelonephritis in piglets.

We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of 99mtechnetium-dimercapto-succinic acid renal scans in the detection and localization of experimental acute pyelonephritis in piglets. To create pyelonephritis vesicoureteral reflux of infected urine was surgically induced in 22 piglets. Nine animals were evaluated with a dimercapto-succinic acid renal scan at 1 week and 13 at 2 weeks. Autopsy and histopathological examination of the kidneys were performed subsequently. The location and extent of the inflammatory response found on histopathological examination were compared to dimercapto-succinic acid renal scan findings in a blinded fashion. Of the 22 kidneys subjected to vesicoureteral reflux 15 had positive histopathological findings of acute pyelonephritis, including 13 detected by the dimercapto-succinic acid renal scan findings. The 2 kidneys in which inflammation was not detected had only minimal grade I lesions and were grossly normal. There were no false positive scans in any of these kidneys. The sensitivity of the scan for detection of acute pyelonephritis in the kidneys subjected to reflux was 87 per cent and the specificity was 100 per cent. Furthermore, in these same kidneys the dimercapto-succinic acid renal scan findings correctly predicted the presence or absence of individual pyelonephritic lesions in 62 of 66 poles for an over-all agreement rate of 94 per cent. Thus, dimercapto-succinic acid renal cortical imaging is a highly sensitive and reliable imaging modality to detect and localize experimental acute pyelonephritis in piglets.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Cardiovascular disease: evaluation with MR phase imaging.

Magnetic resonance phase images are derived from conventional spin-echo (SE) pulse sequences and display properties of proton movement that occurs with blood flow. SE magnitude and phase images were obtained and retrospectively evaluated in 21 patients referred for potential cardiovascular abnormalities in which intracardiac or intravascular signal was detected. Abnormalities included intravascular and intracardiac thrombus, aneurysm, aortic dissection, flow alteration, atherosclerotic disease, and congenital cardiac anomaly. Thrombosis (six cases) was successfully differentiated from flow-related signal (15 cases) by comparing phase images with SE magnitude images; in cases of thrombosis, there was no phase shift in corresponding areas of increased signal intensity. In comparison, SE magnitude signal intensities alone were not an accurate indicator in differentiating thrombus from flow-related enhancement. Because phase images are sensitive for identifying flow, the SE magnitude signal of intravascular tumor or thrombus can be differentiated from that of flow effects with more clinical confidence.

Adolescent↗