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Biomedical subjects

R Casanova

Publications and source records attributed to R Casanova.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Vectorcardiographic analysis of atrial activation in isolated mitral valve prolapse. Atrial vectorcardiography in prolapsed mitral valve].

The purpose of our work is to study atrial depolarization in primary mitral prolapse (MVP), since, as far as we know, such a study has never been performed. Thirty patients with MVP were studied: 23 females, aged 37,3 +/- 15,5 years and 7 males, aged 45.1 +/- 18.1 years. MVP was diagnosed by M-mode echocardiography. Atrial depolarization was analysed on photographically recorded Frank's vectorcardiograms. On PsE loops, magnitude and direction of maximum planar vector (VMax) in the frontal (F) and left sagittal (LS) planes, magnitude and direction of anterior (HV1) and posterior (HV2) vectors in the horizontal (H) plane, HV1 to HV2 amplitude ratio and total atrial activation time (T) were measured. This last value (T), measured on vectorcardiographic records, was confirmed by high-speed (200 mm/sec) electrocardiograms. These data were compared, by mean of Student's test, with those measured on records obtained from a similar group of normals. The following statistically significant (P less than 0.05) differences were detected: decreased amplitude of VMax in F (0.11 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.080 +/- 0.03) and LS (0.11 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.085 +/- 0.03), backward shift of HV2 (+65 degrees +/- 39 degrees vs. + 11 degrees +/- 35 degrees) and decreased T (98 +/- 25 vs. 85 +/- 17). The decrease of total atrial activation time, about 13% less than in normals, is the most interesting finding of our research. Such an alteration of atrial depolarization can be explained by inter- and/or intra-atrial conduction disturbance, on anatomical or functional base. Therefore, our findings are consistent either with the hypothesis that MVP is secondary to widespread pathological changes or with the one that MVP is a consequence of neurovegetative imbalance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography in obstructive jaundice. Part I: The level of obstruction.

Computed tomographic (CT) scans of 67 cases of obstructive jaundice were analyzed to determine the value of CT in detecting the level of obstruction. The cases were divided into four groups by anatomical segments, according to the number of visualized hypodense ringlike structures produced by the dilated bile duct, as seen in axial sections made 1 cm apart. Gallbladder size, dilatation of intrahepatic biliary radicals and the pancreatic duct, visualization of tumor masses, and condition of the bile duct below the obstruction were other variables used to determine the level of obstruction. The overall accuracy of CT in determining the exact level has been 97%. The most reliable indicator is the number of rings, which has excellent correlation with the results of direct cholangiography. The diagnostic value of all other variables is limited to specific cases.

Cholecystography↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography in obstructive jaundice. Part II: The cause of obstruction.

The value of computed tomography (CT) in determining the cause of obstructive jaundice in 67 proved cases is described. The presence of stones, the level of obstruction, the relative size of the ringlike structures produced by the dilated bile duct, and the shape of the distal visualized ring have proved to be the most important variables. The retrospective analysis determined the correct cause in 94% of the cases. CT fulfills all goals considered important in obstructive jaundice and eliminates the need for invasive procedures in many cases.

Biliary Tract Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

CT cholangiography: multiplanar reconstruction in obstructive jaundice.

The value of multiplanar reconstruction (MR) in coronal and sagittal planes from axial transverse computed tomography (CT) slices was investigated in cases of obstructive jaundice. The clinical application for this technique lies in its potential to depict the dilated bile duct to the point of obstruction providing a "map" of the biliary tree. We call the technique "CT cholangiography." The images obtained were of good quality in 77.5% of the cases. Coronal planes proved better than sagittal in demonstrating the bile duct. Furthermore, MR added information concerning the cause of obstruction in 27% of the cases. Improvements in technique will refine the method and likely eliminate the need for invasive cholangiography in many cases of obstructive jaundice.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1981

CT findings in subacute perforation of the gallbladder: report on 5 cases.

Perforation of the gallbladder is a serious complication of acute and subacute cholecystitis which is rarely recognized before operation, either by clinical or radiological methods. Five cases of walled-off perforation of the gallbladder have been diagnosed by computed tomographic (CT) studies, within a period of less than one year. The studies were routinely made in the supine projection, with or without an intravenous injection of contrast medium. Scanning time was 4.7 seconds. The patients did not receive any pre-medication. CT demonstrated direct signs of the perforations: calculi outside the gallbladder; the ruptured segment of the wall. Indirect signs were also readily detected: localized abscesses, occasionally multiple or situated distant from the gallbladder; gallstones; thickening of the wall of the gallbladder. CT may have an important role in preoperative diagnosis of complicated acute cholecystitis and in the surgical management of patients with this condition, if ultrasound examination fails to establish the diagnosis or cannot be done for technical reasons.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Motion of the interventricular septum in patients with right intraventricular electric stimulators. Echocardiographic and vectorcardiographic study].

An echo- and vectorcardiographic study had been performed in order to analyze the motion of the interventricular septum (IVS) in thirty-six patients with chronic pacing at the apex of the right ventricle. As this pattern has been reported as just like that of LBBB, five patients with LBBB have been studied as well, with transient pacing. As far as the first group, in 25 P. IVS moves, both during spontaneous activity and pacing, like in normal subjects; in 8 P. the records were questionable; in 3 P. IVS moves liek in LBBB. The group of 5 P. with LBBB shows paradoxical motion of IVS both before and during pacing. In vectorcardiograms, the initial ventricular vectors (from 0 to 30 msec) are upward, backward and rightward oriented, in 33 of the first group's 36 P. The second group of 5 LBBB failed to show a costant pattern. The possible electrophysiologic hypotheses, about genesis of these patterns, are discussed.

Echocardiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR diagnosis of subdiaphragmatic anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in a newborn.

Our report describes a case of infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous return diagnosed by MR in a newborn with an interruption of the aortic arch with ventricular septum defect and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. The severity of the congenital cardiopathy did not permit surgical treatment and the infant died soon after. Pathology confirmed the MR findings. Magnetic resonance not only complements echocardiography but also can be used for patients in intensive care and can in our case avoid angiography.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal diagnosis of cystic neuroblastoma.

Cystic adrenal masses are unusual in the fetus. The most common diagnosis for adrenal cyst is hemorrhage. We report 2 cases of cystic neuroblastoma diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound. In each case, diagnosis was confirmed in the neonatal period first by scintigraphy, then by histology. Differential diagnosis and management after delivery are discussed.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antenatal diagnosis of upper urinary tract dilation by ultrasonography.

The criteria for the detection of fetal pyelectasis are still controversial. Prenatal and postnatal data from 2,170 consecutive pregnant women who underwent at least one antenatal ultrasound scan were prospectively studied. Fetal pyelectasis was defined on the basis of a mean renal pelvis dimension > 5 or 10 mm before or after 28 weeks of gestation, respectively. Pyelectasis was detected in 95 (4.4%) fetuses. Eighty-nine among them were explored after birth. In 13 (13.7%) cases, an obstructive urinary tract abnormality, a severe vesicoureteral reflux, or a megaureter were diagnosed postnatally. In 29 (30.5%) cases, pyelectasis was confirmed postnatally, while complementary investigations ruled out an obstruction of the urinary tract. The incidence of urinary tract malformations was thus 0.60%, while the positive predictive value was 13.7%. We recommend to use a value not < 10 mm of the renal pelvis mean dimension beyond 28 weeks of gestation as a threshold for detection of fetal upper urinary tract obstruction, in the absence of ureteric and/or bladder dilation. Any value between 5 and 10 mm measured during the 2nd trimester of gestation should be confirmed by a second ultrasound examination performed during the 3rd trimester, before being considered pathological.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prolonged general anesthesia for experimental craniofacial surgery in fetal swine.

A protocol utilizing high preoperative doses of altrenogest (Regu-Mate) and a "balanced" general anesthesia regimen consisting of isoflurane at subanesthetic doses supplemented with intravenous doses of sodium thiopental was developed to prevent preterm labor, minimize intracranial fetal cerebral edema, and decrease postpartum mortality of fetal swine after undergoing complex in utero craniofacial procedures. A total of 20 fetal piglets at 75% gestation were exposed to prolonged (> 3 h) anesthesia conditions of which 7 piglets were randomly selected to undergo experimental craniofacial procedures consisting of periosteal stripping of frontal and parietal bone segments with/without extensive coronal suture fusion procedures. Neither sows nor piglets were lost to anesthetic complications during the initial laparotomy or subsequent cesarean delivery. None of the sows experienced uterine sepsis or underwent preterm labor. The overall survival rate for all piglets exposed to prolonged anesthesia conditions was 95% at 4 weeks and 45% at 11 weeks after surgery. The experimental group's survival was 85.7% at 4 weeks and 28.5% at 11 weeks after surgery.

Anesthesia, General↗