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Biomedical subjects

R Carroll

Publications and source records attributed to R Carroll.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Sleep disturbances in a series of elderly patients: polysomnographic findings.

A group of 27 elderly patients with complaints of either chronic insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness were studied in the Sleep Evaluation Center of Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic during the period January 1977-June 1979. On the basis of anamnestic data from patients and bedroom partners, together with polysomnographic findings, sleep disturbances were classified according to the nosology of the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers. Of the 27 patients, 19 had disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep (DIMS), 7 had disorders of excessive somnolence (DOES), and 1 had parasomnia (episodic nocturnal wandering). Of the 19 DIMS patients, two-thirds had either a primary affective disorder (depression) or a persistent psychophysiologic disturbance. Of the 7 DOES patients, 6 had a primary sleep disorder such as a sleep apnea syndrome or narcolepsy-cataplexy. Additional electroencephalographic sleep data are presented on elderly patients with primary nonpsychotic depression. The latency of rapid eye movements (REM) in the depressed patients was shorter (p less than 0.05) than in patients with a persistent psychophysiologic disturbance. The percentage of REM sleep was significantly elevated (p less than 0.05) in the depressed group, and intermittent wakefulness was decreased (p less than 0.01). The causes of sleep disturbance in the elderly are both heterogeneous and complex. The need for accurate differential diagnosis and a multiaxial approach is stressed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Ultrasonography of the pancreas. Diagnostic problems and findings in cases of solid pancreatic masses (author's transl)].

By using rigourous examination techniques and interpretive criteria, ultrasonography of the pancreas can, in many cases, confirm the etiological diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses. Factors influencing diagnosis are the volume and shape of the pancreas, the ultrasound structure, the attenuation of ultrasounds, the outline of the pancreas, and the effect on neighbouring structures. The association of signs is often characteristic and can differentiate benign from malignant masses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Promotion of monolayer formation in cultured whole pancreatic islets by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine.

Normal adult rat islets usually remained intact and encapsulated, even after many days in culture. In contrast, islets cultured in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (0.1 mM) attached more readily to the surface of plastic culture dishes and almost uniformly formed monolayers of endocrine cells. The mechanism of this effect is not known but presumably involves increases in cellular cyclic AMP content. Fibroblast growth did not appear to be stimulated by the inhibitor. These adult pancreatic endocrine monolayer cultures can be produced readily and provide useful preparations for further morphological and biochemical studies of factors affecting the differentiation, growth, and regenerative capacity of islet cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A comparison of depression and physical illness in men and women.

A limited self-rating depression scale given to male and female factory workers indicated that subclinical depressive symptoms were correlated with visits to the factory health service for females and with absenteeism from work for males. In general, the females acknowledged more depression symptoms.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1976

Biosynthesis of insulin and glucagon: a view of the current state of the art.

It is now well established that insulin biosynthesis proceeds through a precursor molecule, proinsulin. This single polypeptide chain form has been identified as a ribosomal product in the microsomal fraction from islet tissues. The newly synthesized peptide chain, after folding and thiol oxidation, is transferred to the Golgi apparatus where it begins to undergo proteolytic processing to insulin and packaging into secretory granules. The secretion from the cells of significant amounts of newly synthesized material by exocytosis begins only one hour or more after biosynthesis and this process is regulated by several factors, including glucose. Foci of current attention discussed in this paper include (1) the possible existence of larger precursor forms than proinsulin, especially short-lived biosynthetic transients with extended NH2-termini analogous to the recently described immunoglobulin L chain and proparathyroid hormone precursors; (2) the large-scale production of insulin by chemical or genetic engineering approaches; (3) isolation of beta-cell plasma membranes; (4) regulatory mechanisms for the biosynthesis and secretion of insulin, the possible role of mRNA modification in this process, and effects of somatostatin on insulin biosynthesis and secretion; (5) studies on the secretion, metabolism and clinical usefulness of the proinsulin C-peptide; (6) finally, the biosynthesis of glucagon and other peptide hormones and the general significance of precursor forms.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗