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Biomedical subjects

R Carr

Publications and source records attributed to R Carr.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

AIDS and haemophilia.

Approximately 1% of all AIDS cases are haemophiliacs. LAV/HTLV-III is transmitted by blood and in factor VIII concentrates. Since 1981, increasing numbers of haemophiliacs have been infected, as indicated by detection of antibodies to LAV/HTLV-III. Up to 90% of haemophiliacs in some populations are now seropositive, but to date less than 1% have progressed to clinical AIDS. Immunological abnormalities, in particular reduced T-lymphocyte helper/suppressor ratios, are common in haemophiliacs treated with factor VIII. Such abnormalities do not necessarily indicate past infection by the AIDS virus, but they may predispose to infection following exposure to the virus. Blood Transfusion agencies are introducing screening tests for antibodies to LAV/HTLV-III to help prevent the spread of AIDS by blood products. Heat treated factor VIII concentrate is now available and appears not to transmit AIDS. Factor IX concentrate may also transmit LAV/HTLV-III, but less frequently. A few cases of AIDS have occurred in Haemophilia B (Christmas Disease) patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Abnormalities of circulating lymphocyte subsets in haemophiliacs in an AIDS-free population.

Markers of the immune system were examined in 47 patients with haemophilia A and B who had been treated exclusively with blood products from a population apparently free from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In haemophilia A the absolute number of T helper cells was depressed, resulting in a reduction in the helper/suppressor ratio in about half the patients. The serum IgG and IgA concentrations were raised and the serum IgG correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase. In haemophilia B, the helper/suppressor ratio was also depressed but this was attributable to a slight increase in the mean suppressor cell number and a slight decrease in the helper cells. These observations suggest that the abnormalities result from transfusion of foreign proteins and not from a specific infective agent and, further, that individuals may differ in susceptibility to the induced disturbances of immunity.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Salvage of the exposed irradiated mandible.

Maintaining the continuity of the tumor-free mandible is a priority objective in managing the patient with head and neck cancer. After review of seven patients with cutaneous or intraoral bone exposure from osteoradionecrosis of the mandible, we recommend treatment consisting of debridement of soft necrotic bone, retention of dry sclerotic bone, and coverage with well-vascularized flap tissue. Utilizing this therapeutic plan, we have preserved mandibular architecture and obtained primary healing of the wounds.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Prolonged remission in Di Guglielmo's syndrome.

A case is reported of a 12-year-old boy with Di Guglielmo's syndrome who achieved complete remission for over three years before developing a central nervous system relapse. The poor results of treatment in this disease are reviewed and the arguments for routine central nervous system prophylaxis discussed.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

Effect on growth in pemoline-treated children with attention deficit disorder.

The growth of 22 children with attention deficit disorder (ADD) was monitored longitudinally for up to four years. Each child received at least one year of continuous, successful pemoline (Cylert) therapy, after which drug "vacations" were allowed. The effective dosage of pemoline ranged from 56 to 150 mg/day during the first year of treatment. Stature and weight measurements at six-month intervals were matched to those of paired "normal" children from the Fels Longitudinal Study. Significant deficits were observed for mean weight change at six and 12 months after baseline, and for mean stature change at 12 and 18 months after baseline. However, all subsequent six-month results up to four years did not differ significantly between the two groups. These results show a temporary retardation in the rate of growth in weight and stature with later catch-up growth in children treated wih pemoline.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Adenocarcinoma of the floor of the mouth--possible recurrence after 25 years: report of case.

A case of adenocarcinoma of the floor of the mouth with widespread metastasis and fatal outcome is reported. The patient was a 50-year-old white woman who had had an adenocarcinoma removed from the same site 25 years before and remained symptom-free during the interval. Histopathologic features of the two oral tumors and a bronchial metastasis are demonstrated.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

High pressure liquid chromatographic method for indole in shrimp: development of method and collaborative study.

A collaborative study on the determination of indole in shrimp was conducted in which a high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method and a spectrofluorometric method were compared with the AOAC gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method (18.075-18.078, 13th ed.). In the HPLC method, 10 g shrimp was blended with methanol, an internal standard was added, and the extract was filtered. Indole was separated on an octadecylsilane reverse phase column, using 60% MeOH-H2O, and quantitated with a fluorescence detector (excitation 280 nm, emission 330 nm) by comparing the indole peak height with that of an internal standard, 2-methyl-indole. Recoveries at a 25 micrograms/100 g level averaged 104% with a range of 90-127%, and at a level of 35 micrograms/100 g averaged 102% with a range of 93-112%. In the spectrofluorometric method, 25 g shrimp was extracted with 2% EtOAc-hexane. After several washes, indole was partitioned into a saturated NaCl-MeOH solution and its fluorescence was measured (excitation 280 nm, emission 332 nm). Recoveries at a 25 micrograms/100 g level averaged 93% with a range of 0-255% and at a level of 35 micrograms/100 g averaged 64% with a range of 0-107%. Recoveries obtained by the AOAC-GLC method at a level of 25 micrograms/100 g averaged 96% with a range of 81-116% and at a level of 35 micrograms/100 g averaged 101% with a range of 81-119%. The coefficients of variation were 20, 10, and 64% at a 25 micrograms/100 g level for the GLC method, the HPLC method, and the spectrofluorometric method, respectively. The HPLC method was adopted as official first action for indole levels in shrimp exceeding 1 microgram/100 g.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Severe steroid-responsive nephrosis associated with hypersensitivity.

Sensitivity to cow's whole milk investigated in six patients with the idiopathic nephrotic and an elemental diet was given. After proteinuria had decreased to less than or equal to 500 mg/24 hours on consecutive days patients were challenged with cow's milk. This resulted in the return of significant proteinuria, oedema, and decreased urine volume together with a decrease in serum-IgG concentrations in four patients. Acute alteration of plasma C3 complement component accompanied milk challenge in all 6 patients. There were no consistent alterations in other immunoglobulin concentrations. Intradermal skin testing with cow's milk extract was positive in all patients. These results suggest that in some individuals clinical and biochemical manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome of childhood may be related to hypersensitivity of food products.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Degradation of circulating DNA by extracorporeal circulation over nuclease immobilized on nylon microcapsules.

Studies were undertaken to determine whether deoxyribonuclease I, (DNase I) once immobilized on activated nylon microspheres, would be capable of degrading circulating DNA in vitro and in vivo in an extracorporeal circulation system in dogs. Nylon microspheres were prepared and after gentle hydrolysis and glutaraldehyde treatment, demonstrated a retention of up to 4.73 mg of Dnase I. In vitro studies showed that DNase I immobilized on microspheres degreded a significant percentage of 125I-native DNA (nDNA) within 15 min. Mongrel dogs were injected with 125I-nDNA and a variation in initial t 1/2 in individual animals was observed. Therefore, for experimental studies, 125I-nDNA was injected and decay was recorded during a control period in which untreated microcapsules were utilized in the extracorporeal system. DNase I microspheres were then introduced into the extracorporeal circuit which resulted in an acceleration of degradation of acid precipitable 125I-nDNA. When 200 mug of unlabeled DNA with 125I-nDNA was injected, a similar augmentation of DNA degradation was noted after extracorporeal circulation over DNase I microcapsules. This effect could not be attributed to release of DNase I from the microspheres since no 131I-DNase was detected in the serum or organs of the dogs at the conclusion of the experiments. 125I-nDNA:anti-DNA complexes were passively injected into dogs and after a similar control period of circulation over untreated microcapsules. DNase I microspheres were introduced. Results showed a rapid acceleration in the degradation rate of 125I-nDNA:anti-DNA complexes precipitable with (NH4)2SO4. Extracorporeal circulation over nylon microspheres resulted in no significant alteration of the host's hematocrit or platelet count, and little residual cellular debris on the microcapsules. These data suggest that DNAase immobilized on nylon microspheres may have a potential role in the specific therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus, when it is desirable to hydrolyze DNA circulating free or in combination with antibody.

Animals↗