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Biomedical subjects

R C Smith

Publications and source records attributed to R C Smith.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Regional uptake of [35S]-cysteine in rat brain after arterial injection.

The brain uptake index of [35S]-cysteine in ten rat brain regions and in the eye was determined by measuring [35S]-cysteine remaining in the brain regions and in the eye, five seconds after carotid injection, relative to a simultaneously injected diffusible internal standard, 3H2O and a non-diffusible internal standard Tc99m-Sn-DTPA. A statistical comparison for the regions that receive their blood supply from the internal carotid artery was done. Only the diencephalon and the septum-nucleus accumbens were found significantly higher than cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Influence of age on the effects of chronic fluphenazine on receptor binding in rat brain.

The effects of age on alterations in brain dopaminergic (spiperone), beta-adrenergic (DHA), alpha-adrenergic (WB-4101), and cholinergic (QNB) binding induced by chronic administration of fluphenazine was studied in the rat. Compared to age-matched saline controls, older-age (25 month) fluphenazine rats showed: (a) a similar percent increase in specific spiperone binding (at 0.1 nM) but a slightly smaller increase in the Bmax of spiperone binding in the striatum than younger fluphenazine-treated rats; (b) a substantially greater increase in the Bmax of DHA binding and a slightly greater increase in Bmax of WB-4101 binding in the cerebral cortex than younger fluphenazine-treated rats. There was no significant interaction of age with the effect of chronic fluphenazine on QNB binding in rat striatum.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Blunt dissection in augmentation mammaplasty-an instrumental aid.

The iconoclast is an instrument that facilitates blunt dissection in areas where this basic technique is difficult because of anatomical or postsurgical adherence. Medical and inferior undermining in augmentation mammaplasty in primary and revisional cases is described. The instrument capitalizes on the gripping rather than the spreading strength of the surgeon's hand, allows easy penetration of tissues to be spread apart, and diminished severance of blood vessels. We have used the iconoclast for almost two years in selected cases and have had no problems or complications attributable to it.

Breast↗
PubMed1981

Treatment of granulating wounds with silastic foam dressings.

We have examined the usefulness of a Silastic foam dressing in the management of open granulating wounds in 55 outpatients. It is an acceptable and comfortable dressing, which allows earlier discharge from hospital. The method of making the dressing, and the daily care of the wound are described. Improved wound care is achieved by providing two dressings, so that when one is in place the other is being thoroughly cleaned. This technique has been shown to reduce bacterial contamination of the wounds and to improve wound healing (p less than 0.02).

Abdomen↗
PubMed1981

Acute depression of serum folate in surgical patients during preoperative infusion of ethanol-free parenteral nutrition.

Total parenteral nutrition for 48 h with Aminoplex solutions and a calorie source led to statistically similar, severe depression of the serum folate concentration (by 63-77%) irrespective of whether the calorie source contained ethanol, sorbitol, lipid or glucose. Folate levels were also depressed following infusion of other ethanol-free regimens (Freamine and glucose, 59%; Vamin and glucose, 44%). Least depression (31%0 followed use of Aminosol and glucose, a regimen based on casein hydrolysate. It seems important, therefore, to give prophylactic folate to all patients receiving parenteral nutrition, regardless of whether the calorie source is ethanol.

Ethanol↗
PubMed1981

Aminoacid infusion induced depression of serum folate after cholecystectomy.

Aminoacid solutions were given to cholecystectomy patients for a period of 48 h starting 24 h after the operation. Infusion of the aminoacid component of parenteral nutrition regimens, without calorie source, frequently led to an acute fall in the serum folate concentration. The degree of depression varied with different commercial aminoacid solutions. (Aminoplex 14 = c.60%, Vamin = 30%, Aminosol = c.0%). The folate depression by Vamin infusion was unaffected by supplementation with L-methione but was alleviated by the addition of glycine. As a consequence of surgical operation itself, folate values fell by 37% during the 24 h following cholecystectomy. This seems likely to increase the risk of haematological toxicity (i.e. acute leukopenia and thrombocytopenia) in patients given folate-free parenteral nutrition after a surgical operation.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Glucose or fat as a nonprotein energy source? A controlled clinical trial in gastroenterological patients requiring intravenous nutrition.

The best nonprotein energy source for routine use in patients receiving intravenous nutrition (IVN) for short periods of time is not known. In particular the relative merits of glucose and fat remain controversial. The present study was undertaken to determine if a quantitative difference in the ability to retain nitrogen could be documented between these two energy sources. In a prospective study of two comparable groups of 16 gastroenterologic patients who received IVN for 2 wk the changes in body weight, fat, water, and protein that occurred were measured. The only difference in the IVN between the groups was the nonprotein energy source. Group I received hypertonic glucose alone (49.2 +/- 7.9 kcal/kg day), and group II received an intravenous fat emulsion (60% of the nonprotein energy) in addition to hypertonic glucose (51.5 +/- 5.0 kcal/kg/day). Significant weight gain occurred in both groups (p < 0.001). In group I this was acounted for by gains of water (p < 0.02) and fat (p < 0.01) but not of protein. Patients receiving glucose together with fat (group II) gained protein (p < 0.02), but the gains of fat and water were not significant. Our study shows that protein repletion was achieved with an intravenous fat emulsion over a 2-wk period and the problems of water retention which occurred in the patients fed with glucose alone was not present. The results suggest that the fat in conjunction with glucose may be more effective as an energy source than equicaloric amounts of glucose alone in the type of patients we have studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effects of acute and chronic administration of phencyclidine on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in rat striatum.

Following a single dose of phencyclidine (PCP) striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity was decreased 42% 15 min after PCP administration, but returned toward baseline levels by 45 min post-drug. Twenty-four hours after the 30th dose of PCP, TH activity remained depressed when compared to the chronic slaine controls. TH activity was not further depressed 15 or 45 min after the 31st dose of PCP.

Animals↗