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Biomedical subjects

R C Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to R C Sharma.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Quantitative structure-activity relationship study of 2-[(2-benzimidazolylsulphinyl)methyl]-aniline inhibitors of H+/K+ ATPase.

The H+/K+ ATPase enzyme inhibitory activity of 2-[(2-benzimidazolylsulphinyl)methyl]anilines was found to be significantly correlated with hydrophobic, pi or van der Waals volume, Vw, electronic, sigma and molar refraction, MR parameters. The derived correlations support the concept that the basic centre of the anilines is involved in the rate of reaction of the compounds. Hydrophobic interaction of meta-substituents and the bulk of substituents on the benzimidazolyl moiety also contribute significantly in the realisation of enzyme inhibition.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1990

Quantitative structure-activity relationship study on some ligands acting as inhibitors of benzodiazepine-receptor binding.

Previously reported quantitative structure-activity study on 1-aryl-3-methylpyrazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-ones is extended to include recently reported 1-aryl[1]benzopyrano-pyrazol-4-ones. It has been shown that the ability of these compounds to displace [3H]-flunitrazepam from bovine brain membrane is significantly correlated with steric and hydrophobic constants of aryl substituents. For 1,3-diaryl-pyrazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-ones, however, only hydrophobic interaction of meta-substituents is found to be relevant.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Micro in vitro assessment of Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine and mefloquine in Gujarat.

Micro in vitro tests conducted in 1987 in Surat district of Gujarat on sensitivity status of P. falciparum to chloroquine and mefloquine revealed that the parasite has developed resistance to chloroquine upto 32 pmol. The ED 99 in Hazira, Gothan and Umra areas of the district was found to be 17.3, 18.5 and 8.7 pmol/well for chloroquine and for mefloquine it was 14.5, 4.8 and 6.8 pmol/well respectively. Monitoring of P. falciparum resistance is indicated under National Malaria Eradication Programme.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Status of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Maharashtra states of India.

An extended study from 1978-88 revealed that in the western states of India i.e., Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra; P. falciparum resistance to chloroquine has a scattered pattern in its distribution. However in Gujarat, R-III level of resistance is established in southern districts showing four fold increase from 1.79% in 1985 to 8.2% in 1988. In this area use of some alternate drug is indicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Relapse pattern of Plasmodium vivax in Kheda district, Gujarat.

A study on relapse pattern of P. vivax in Kheda district of Gujarat revealed that the relapse rate in P. vivax within 8 months of primary attack was around 40% in untreated cases. It was 2.6% within one year in patients treated with 5-day course of primaquine. Relapses occurred more frequently from April to October and 82% relapses occurred within one year of the primary attack. Relapses occurred up to 4 years after primary attack but they were less frequent in 3rd and 4th year.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Economic loss due to malaria in Kheda district, Gujarat.

A survey of nine experimental and four control villages of Kheda district, Gujarat, revealed that economic loss due to malaria was higher in the control villages where integrated vector control is not practised. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in the number of man days lost and the expenditure incurred in treatment.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Studies on outbreak of malaria in Muliad village of Kheda district, Gujarat.

Irregular and inadequate surveillance of fever cases, misdiagnosis of positive cases and the near nonexistence of an appropriate monitoring mechanism culminated in an outbreak of malaria in a village of Kheda district, Gujarat. Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) resistance to chloroquine must have aided in the increase of Pf cases. DDT still appears to be effective against the vector, A. culicifacies in the area. Amodiaquine was successful in clearing asexual parasites in 83% cases which were resistant to chloroquine. Bioenvironmental control of malaria is suggested in order to delay the development of insecticidal resistance in vector mosquitoes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Interspecific associations among anophelines in different breeding habitats of Kheda district, Gujarat. Part I: Canal irrigated area.

In a study covering two years, 1306 samples of immatures were collected from 7 different breeding habitats of canal irrigated villages of Kheda district in Gujarat. Out of the samples belonging to 8 anopheline species, 14396 adults emerged. Breeding of An. culicifacies was associated with An. annularis in ponds, paddy fields, small pools and with An. stephensi in paddy fields. Maximum association was observed between An. barbirostris and An. nigerrimus in irrigation canals and An. culicifacies and An. subpictus in intradomestic containers. An. annularis, An. stephensi and An. subpictus were strongly associated in paddy fields. Strong interspecific repulsion was observed between An. subpictus and An. stephensi in intradomestic containers and An. barbirostris and An. subpictus in ponds.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Enhancement of the frequency of methotrexate resistance by gamma-radiation in Chinese hamster ovary and mouse 3T6 cells.

We have studied the effects of gamma-radiation on the frequency of methotrexate resistance and dihydrofolate reductase gene amplification. gamma-Irradiation of Chinese hamster ovary cells resulted in enhancement of the frequency of methotrexate resistant colonies (maximum enhancement: 2000-fold after 1000 rads). The enhancement of methotrexate resistance was dependent on the dose of gamma-radiation and increased with time after irradiation; a maximum enhancement was observed when methotrexate was added 18 h after irradiation. Methotrexate resistant clones of Chinese hamster ovary cells showed no increase in dihydrofolate reductase gene copy number but were found to be defective in methotrexate transport. However, when these experiments were extended to 3T6 murine cells, 54% of nonirradiated and 44% of gamma-radiation induced methotrexate resistant clones showed an increase in dihydrofolate reductase gene copy number. These results suggest that the cells that survive irradiation have a very high probability of becoming methotrexate resistant and may explain why some malignant tumors (e.g., head and neck cancer) either do not respond or respond poorly to chemotherapy if the patient had prior radiotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Resting of mosquitoes in outdoor pit shelters in Kheda district, Gujarat.

Outdoor resting habits of mosquitoes were studied in Kheda district, Gujarat using the artificial pit shelters. Studies revealed that mosquitoes prefer to rest in pit shelters and these habitats can be used for monitoring of mosquito populations and other ecological and behavioural studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Community based bioenvironmental control of malaria in Kheda District, Gujarat, India.

A study on the bioenvironmental control of malaria was launched in 1983 in Nadiad taluka, Gujarat, with help of village communities. The implementation of strategy resulted in the successful control of larval mosquitoes and reduction in the adult vector populations, and the impact was visible in the curtailment of malaria transmission in large rural areas. When compared with the residual spraying of insecticides under the National Malaria Eradication Programme, the alternate strategy was found feasible, socially acceptable, cost effective and brought about environmental improvement and awareness in the rural areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Studies on the anopheline fauna of Kheda district and species specific breeding habitats.

Information on anopheline fauna of Kheda district in Gujarat dates back to 1950. Since then there have been vast ecological changes due to development projects and intensive irrigation. To study the anopheline fauna of Kheda district collections from 164 villages representing 7 talukas of the district were made. Sixteen anopheline species were recorded, of these 8 species were recorded for the first time. Maximum number of anopheline species (16) were recorded from canal irrigated area followed by 11 species from riverine area and 10 species from non-canal irrigated area. Four anopheline species namely An. subpictus, An. culicifacies, An. annularis and An. stephensi were predominant and constituted 99.9% of the total anophelines and rest of the 12 species accounted for 0.1%. In this paper, results of the study on mosquito ecology with particular emphasis on species specific breeding preferences, associations and frequency of distribution in various types of aquatic habitats have been reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Synthesis and microbicidal activity of N-(2-substituted) phenyl ureas and their metal complexes.

N-2-carboxyphenyl urea (CPU), N-2-hydroxyphenyl urea (HPU), and N-2-mercaptophenyl urea (MPU) and their Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molecular weight determination, molar conductance, IR and electronic spectral data, and magnetic measurements. Antibacterial activity of these ligands and their metal complexes was determined on gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria at 35 degrees C. Antifungal activity was determined on common fungi viz. Aspergillus niger, A. nidulense, and Candida albicans by the serial dilution method at 28 degrees C. A considerable increase in the biocidal activity of these ligands on being coordinated with the metal ions was reported in terms of their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Self-limiting acrodermatitis enteropathica. A follow-up study of three interrelated families.

A variant of acrodermatitis enteropathica is described that has its onset before weaning and clears when the child starts its normal solid diet. A pedigree with three interrelated families is reported where 10 children were afflicted with this variant. They had symptoms of hypozincemia for a brief period during infancy. At the time of this study, they were symptom-free and their serum zinc levels were found to be within normal limits. The term "self-limiting acrodermatitis enteropathica" is proposed for the variant. In one lactating mother, the mammary zinc secretion was determined and was found to be deficient and unresponsive to oral zinc supplements. The possible mode of inheritance is also discussed.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed1987

Synthesis and biocidal activity of Zn(II) complexes of some 2,2'-substituted diphenylamines.

Binary as well as ternary complexes of Zn(II) with diphenylamine-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid (dpdc), diphenylamine-2-amino-2'-carboxylic acid (dpac), diphenylamine-2-hydroxy-2'-carboxylic acid (dphc), diphenylamine-2-mercapto-2'-carboxylic acid (dpmc), and N-(2-pyridino) anthranilic acid (npa) have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analysis, IR spectral data, and molar conductance measurements. Antimicrobial activity of these ligands and their respective Zn(II) complexes have been determined on gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and on Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus nidulense, two common fungi by the serial dilution method. A considerable increase in the biocidal activity of these ligands on being coordinated with the metal ion has been reported in terms of their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values.

Aniline Compounds↗