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Biomedical subjects

R C Sanders

Publications and source records attributed to R C Sanders.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The significance of sonographic gallbladder wall thickening.

The value of gallbladder thickening in predicting the presence of acute cholecystitis was assessed by reviewing gallbladder sonograms for 150 normal patients, 15 fasting normal patients, 24 patients with proven acute cholecystitis, 24 patients with ascites or an alcoholic history, and 50 patients with surgically proven chronic cholecystitis and gallstones. Thickened gallbladder walls were found in all patients with ascites, 45 percent of patients with acute cholecystitis, and approximately 10 percent of those with chronic cholecystitis. The finding of gallbladder wall thickening is suggestive evidence of acute cholecystitis, but it is not a pathognomonic finding.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Comparison between black and white backgrounds for ultrasonic images.

Two hundred and three studies were selected from approximately 5,000 abdominal examinations where comparable images obtained at the same level with both a black and a white background were available. The ease with which liver metastatic lesions, ducts and vessels in the liver and pancreas, the renal pyramids, and the gallbladder wall could be seen with the two modalities was compared. It was felt that textured organs, such as the liver and kidney, were best shown with a black background but that tubular structures, such as the pancreatic duct, were easier to see with a white background.

Color↗
PubMed1980

CT of fluid collections associated with pancreatitis.

Fluid collections are an important component of severe pancreatitis because they may produce a detectable mass and may be responsible for prolongation of fever and pain. Among 59 cases of clinically verified pancreatitis, 32 were shown by CT to be complicated by pancreatic and/or extrapancreatic fluid collections. Pancreatic fluid collections, diagnosed in 16 patients, were typically on the anterior or anterolateral surface of the gland and were covered only by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue. Extrapancreatic fluid collections were detected in the lesser sac (19 cases), anterior pararenal space (15), posterior pararenal space (six), in or around the left lobe of the liver (five), in the spleen (three), and in the mediastinum (one). The potential undesirable consequences of escape of pancreatic juice are necrosis, abscess formation, or prolonged inflammation of the peripancreatic tissues. Relative preservation of pancreatic integrity as observed by CT was regularly found in patients with large extrapancreatic fluid collections, suggesting that escape of pancreatic juice produces a beneficial decompression of the pancreatic duct system.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Irregular fatty infiltration of the liver: diagnostic dilemmas.

Five cases in which fatty infiltration of the liver occurred in a nonuniform distribution involving predominantly the right lobe of the liver are reported. Such nonuniform fat deposition may cause serious difficulty in the interpretation of the sonographic examination. With extensive hepatic fat deposition, the natural tendency of the operator to adjust the sonographic equipment to display most of the liver as a uniform medium gray tone resulted in the display of the small, normal areas of the liver as apparently abnormal anechoic areas. CT correctly identified the fat-infiltrated areas. Confusion between metastases and fat deposition on this basis can be anticipated in future patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Urologic manifestations of sickle hemoglobinopathies.

We analyzed the renal radiographic changes in the sickle hemoglobinopathies in 92 patients, in 70 of whom the specific hemoglobin type was documented by electrophoresis. The following conclusions have been drawn: (1) Approximately 50% of patients with SS hemoglobin have renal enlargement (both on roentgenograms and at autopsy), while only a small proportion of patients with the other hemoglobinopathies show renal enlargement; (2) slightly more than one half of patients with each type of hemoglobinopathy have calyceal changes; and (3) these calyceal changes do not fall into a specific pattern with respect to hemoglobin type.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Real-time ultrasound in abdominal examinations.

Three types of real-time ultrasonic equipment are discussed: sequenced linear arrays, mechancial sector scanners, and phased array systems. Their limitations, including those involving documentation, are briefly reviewed. Although real-time scanners are satisfactory for small, local examinations, they should be used in conjuction with static B-scanners for larger abdominal surveys.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1978

Gray scale B scan characteristics of intra-abdominal cystic masses.

A comparison of the gray scale characteristics of 119 intra-abdominal cystic masses was performed. Each cystic mass was evaluated with regard to: 1) The presence or absence of internal echoes, septa, and fluid-fluid levels; 2) The appearance of the wall; 3) Conformity to adjacent organs and, 4) Changes in the surrounding soft tissues. Abscesses, hematomas, lymphoceles, urinomas, and necrotic tumors were evaluated. Necrotic tumors and some abscesses and hematomas have specific sonographic characteristics. In most cases, a definite diagnosis cannot be made from the sonographic appearance; however, in conjunction with the clinical history, the differential diagnosis can be narrowed to a couple of cystic lesions among the many that may be found in the abdomen. The diagnosis can be confirmed by aspiration under ultrasound. A comparison between these cystic masses and pancreatic pseudocysts, renal cysts, and ovarian cysts was made.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

The complementary uses of nuclear medicine and ultrasound in the kidney.

Together, sonography and renal isotope techniques can provide greater information than either technique alone. These studies can replace excretory urography in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis and renal infarction. Arteriography is no longer necessary for the diagnosis of a pseudotumor, which has a specific isotope and a helpful sonographic appearance. The diagnosis of a renal abscess opposed to pyelonephritis can be made in a more definite fashion than is possible with other imaging techniques. We believe that the sonogram and isotope studies are particularly helpful in trauma because there is a more realistic assessment of the absence of renal function with isotopes than with the excretory urogram. One may detect hematoma within and around the kidney by ultrasonography.

Abscess↗
PubMed1978

Percutaneous punctures: a new radiological skill.

Percutaneous aspiration or biopsy of abdominal masses is being performed with increasing frequency. Percutaneous puncture under fluoroscopic control is the simplest technique; it has the advantage that contrast media can be inserted into a cyst to outline its walls. Ultrasound can play an important role in guiding punctures if the mass or organ to be punctured cannot be seen on a radiograph or will be approached from an unusual angle. CT scanning is the preferred procedure for guiding the puncture of bone lesions and some small structures. The author concludes there may soon be a need for abdominal-puncture experts.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1977

The ultrasonic characteristics of the renal pelvicalyceal echo complex.

The pelvicalyceal echo complex has a characteristic appearance as an echo-filled cylinder in which minimal sonolucency may normally be seen. Alteration in the pelvicalyceal echo complex is a helpful guide in the diagnosis of a variety of pathological processes involving the kidneys. Reliable diagnosis of moderate and marked hydronephrosis may be made by the appearance of uniformly sized, sonolucent collections in the pelvicalyceal echo complex which show communication with the renal pelvis. An adjacent simple renal cyst produces a sharply defined crescent shaped deformity of the pelvicalyceal echo complex, and scalloping is seen with multiple impinging renal cysts. Gross deformity of the central echo complex is seen with polycystic kidney disease, as well as in neoplasia. Edema and infiltrating hypernephroma may result in diminution of the pelvicalyceal echo complex. Amputation or a "V"-shaped splitting of the pelvicalyceal echo complex may be seen with neoplasia.

Edema↗
PubMed1977

Ileal trigonal urinary diversion: 5-year followup evaluation.

We anastomosed the intact, undisturbed vesical trigone to the isolated ileal conduit in 24 patients, most of whom have been followed for 5 years. None of these patients has had any pyelographic evidence of upper tract deterioration. There have been no episodes of pyelonephritis, no hydronephrosis, no renal stones and only 4 of the 46 renal units have demonstrated reflux. These data indicate unsurpassed protection of the upper tracts in those patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Renal carbuncle: the use of ultrasound in its diagnosis and treatment.

The use of ultrasound in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of 5 patients with renal abscesses is described. A spectrum of ultrasonic findings was noted, with the majority of the lesions being anechoic (3 cases). However, a few lesions showed a mixed pattern (2 cases). Ultrasonic aspiration of abscess fluid for culture and sensitivity obviated an operation in 1 case. For the first time, ultrasonically guided, percutaneous, indwelling catheter drainage of a renal carbuncle is reported. Since the patient had failed to respond to systemic antibiotic therapy this technique saved the patient from undergoing an operation. The clinical and ultrasonic findings in the 6 previous case reports of abscesses are reviewed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

Sonography in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis.

The ultrasonic appearance of retroperitoneal fibrosis is characteristic: a smooth-bordered and relatively echo-free mass anterior to the sacral promontory. Sonography can be used to confirm the diagnosis, follow response to therapy and detect hydronephrotic changes in the kidneys.

Adult↗