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Biomedical subjects

R C Pfister

Publications and source records attributed to R C Pfister.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Radiology of colon loop diversion: anatomical and urodynamic studies of the conduit and ureters in children and adults.

Colon loop diversion of the urinary stream is a relatively recent procedure designed to decrease the frequent incidence of reflux, infection and calculus formation in ileal loop conduits. Fifty-seven colon conduits and 107 ureters were studied. No reflux occurred in 67 ureters with intracolonic loop pressures exceeding 40 cm H2O. To evaluate and manage possible ureteral obstruction, percutaneous (antegrade) pyelography was utilized in 11 kidneys, ureteral perfusion (pressure-flow) studies in 8, and percutaneous catheter nephrostomy in one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Quality assessment and assurance in diagnostic imaging. Theoretical and practical considerations and a quality audit of the excretory urogram.

Concepts necessary to an understanding of the basics of quality assurance audits are presented. Included are specific examples that bridged theory and practice by applying the protocol to a real-life diagnostic imaging situation. This method meets the present requirements of the Joint Commission of the Accrediation of Hospitals.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1977

Ileal loop stenosis: a late complication of urinary diversion.

Stenosis of the ileal conduit was a late complication in 12 patients (10 adults) who underwent urinary diversion by this means at our hospital. The duration of the ileal loop at diagnosis ranged from 4 to 14 years, averaging 9 years. Loop stenosis was generally without symptoms and was suggested only by routine excretory urography, while loopography confirmed the diagnosis. The etiology of the condition is not clear. A variety of possible factors is considered, including microvascular ischemia, urine-borne toxic material, infectious and allergic stimuli and an immunologic defect. The pathogenesis of the condition appears to be based upon a chronic inflammatory reaction, with progressive fibrosis in the mucosa and submucosa of the ileal segment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Fungal infection of the urinary tract: demonstration by antegrade pyelography and drainage by percutaneous nephrostomy.

Most fungal infections of the urinary tract involve the drainage structures rather than the kidney parenchyma. They usually occur in patients with diabetes or other chronic debilitating diseases and in the presence of urinary stasis. Conglomeration of fibrillar hyphae results in fungal balls which produce nonopaque filling defects in the renal pelvis, ureter, or bladder. Such fungal ball colonies were demonstrated by percutaneous (antegrade) pyelography in the upper urinary tract in two cases. A percutaneous nephrostomy was performed in one patient to provide drainage of pus in the renal pelvis.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Crossed renal ectopia in children.

Nine children were treated with crossed fused renal ectopia, and in 8 there were serious other urinary tract malformations which were surgically correctable. The finding of crossed fused renal ectopia warrants complete urologic investigation including cystogram and cystoscopy to rule out surgically correctable pathology in the urinary tract.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1976

Bradycardia and hypotension following use of intravenous contrast media.

Eight patients had unusual reactions, including hypotension and bradycardia, to intravenous contrast media. These reactions appear to be vagal- or acetylcholine-mediated. Atropine treatment produced prompt reversal in several of the cases, and is felt to be the drug of choice for this particular type of idiosyncratic reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Unilateral hematocolpos and ipsilateral renal agenesis: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Two cases are presented of a partially duplicated vagina characterized by a one-sided hematocolpos associated with renal agenesis on the same side. A review of the English literature reveals 39 previously reported cases. Invariably this complex of anomalies is seen in adolescents and young women with progressively severe abdominal pain, menstrual irregularities, and a pelvic mass. It is important to make an early accurate diagnosis since they are usually managed as having an ovarian mass and submitted to multiple laparotomies and occasionally to mutilating surgery. An analysis is presented of the salient embryologic, clinical, and radiologic features of the 41 cases gathered. The need for definitive preoperative evaluation of both the urinary tract (urography and cystoscopy) and the genital tract (hysterosalpingography) cannot be overemphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Spontaneous rupture of renal cysts into the pyelocaliceal system.

Patients with spontaneous rupture of renal cortical cysts into the pyelocalciceal system present with gross hematuria, usually associated with flank or abdominal pain. Diagnosis is established by retrograde filling of the cyst cavity with contrast material through a wide pyelocaliceal communication visualized during IVP with nephrotomography. Percutaneous renal puncture with histochemical analysis of the aspirate is indicated in certain patients for diagnostic confirmation. Renal angiography and/or an operation should be performed when the differential diagnosis remains unclear. Antibiotics in the patients with urinary tract infections along with conservative medical management is sufficient treatment, since rapid closure of the cyst-pyelocaliceal communication with cessation of hemorrhage occurs rapidly in most patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Congenital asymmetry (hemihypertrophy) and abdominal disease: radiological features in 9 cases.

Coexistent abdominal disease was found in 9 cases of congenital asymmetry. These patients appear to be at risk of malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland, kidney, and liver. Five of the 6 neoplasms in this group of patients were malignant. Approximately 25% of the reported cases of hemihypertrophy have been associated with hamartomas or congenital defects, especially genitourinary anomalies. Benign disorders encountered in this group included medullary sponge kidney, renal ectopia, renal cyst, nephromegaly, adrenomegaly, and hypospadius.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1975

Tomography of pelvic-abdominal masses during intravenous urography. An added dimension.

Experience with a wide variety of pelvic-abdominal masses indicates that good quality tomography during high dose urography permits separation of solid from cystic lesions in almost all cases, even with minimal mass opacification. Evaluation of surface contour, absence or presence of a wall and its features, opacification, calcification, and uterine status provides the framework for characterization of the mass. Multiple masses can be identified and evaluated separately. While titration of the above criteria permits an accurate assessment independent of the clinical diagnosis, the latter information is important in separating a probable abscess from other cystic lesions. Since urography continues to be a pivotal preoperative roentgenologic investigation (ureteral status, pelvic kidney exclusion, etc.), the addition of tomography provides an added dimension to its usefulness. With the exception of the premenopausal female in whom radiation exposure is a consideration, tomography appears to preclude the routine necessity for subsequent ultrasound study which has been used to separate cystic from solid lesions.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1974

Calcification in uroepithelial tumors of the bladder. Report of 5 cases and survey of the literature.

Roentgenologic calcification of transitional and squamous cell cancers of the bladder is an uncommon but certainly not rare finding: in this and another large series it occurs in approximately 0.5 per cent of cases. The tumors tend to be large, and the calcium may be encrusted on the surface of the neoplasm or lie deeper in a subepithelial position in degenerating or necrotic areas. Pathologically, the scattered or conglomerate distribution of the calcium results in a roentgenologic granular or nodular appearance usually in a semicircular pattern involving only a portion of the tumor mass as determined by urography or cystography. Bladder tumor calcification is sufficiently distinct to be differentiated from other more common calcifications occurring in the pelvis.

Aged↗