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Biomedical subjects

R C Pabico

Publications and source records attributed to R C Pabico.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Prediction of kidney mercury content by isotope techniques.

A 61-year-old female patient accidentally aspirated liquid mercury during a medically ordered diagnostic procedure. To develop animal-based guidelines, liquid mercury was introduced into the lungs of four dogs. Based on the study of these animals, a method of predicting the kidney inorganic mercury burden was developed using radioactive isotope dilution techniques. It was further demonstrated in dogs that oral administration of dimercaptopropane sulfonate (DMPS) increased mercury excretion and reduced the kidney burden. A rat experiment was performed permitting a statistical evaluation of the assumptions basic to the use of the method. The method was applied to the patient with the result that the kidney inorganic mercury burden was predicted to be 28.1 mg, 8 months after the accident. Treatment with DMPS increased urinary excretion and the post-treatment kidney burden was estimated at 19.6 mg Hg. Inasmuch as the radioactive dose to the subject may be kept at a negligible level and because sensitive methods exist for measurement of radioactive and stable mercury concentrations, the technique may be applicable in special cases to the estimation of kidney inorganic mercury burdens incurred by industrial exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Renal threshold phosphate concentration in patients with idiopathic nephrolithiasis: correlations with tubular functions, serum parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2D3.

The renal handling of inorganic phosphate was measured in 17 idiopathic nephrolithiasis patients with normal glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow. TmPO4/GFR was less than 2.5 mg/dl in nine subjects (Group I) and greater than or equal to 2.5 in eight (Group II). The former had serum PO4 of 2.5 +/- 0.13 mg/dl and the latter, 3.5 +/- 0.11 mg/dl (p less than 0.01). Four in Group I and five in Group II were hypercalciuric. There was no significant difference in the serum parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2D3 between the two groups. However, renal tubular functions were abnormal in both groups. The low TmPO4/GFR in 53 per cent of the patients is another manifestation of tubular functional abnormality seen in idiopathic nephrolithiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Parathyroid hormone in patients with diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease on chronic haemodialysis.

Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal failure on chronic haemodialysis treatment is significantly lower than the values obtained from patients with adult-onset diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease being similarly dialysed. The major determinants of parathyroid hormone secretion, such as calcium and magnesium, do not seem to be the factors responsible for this difference. The histology of the parathyroid glands in juvenile-onset patients shows fibrosis and collagen infiltration which reduce the functional mass of the glands.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Renal involvement in Refsum's disease.

Renal hemodynamic and tubular functions were measured in a patient with Refsum's disease before and after 12 weeks of twice-weekly plasmaphereses. Percutaneous renal biopsy was performed before initiation of plasmapheresis. These studies were performed to (1) define the nature of the renal lesions and the effects of phytanic acid accumulation on renal functions, and (2) assess the effects of lowering the plasma phytanic acid level on renal functions. The patient, a 39 year old woman, had lipiduria, glycosuria, cylindruria, minimal proteinuria and mild azotemia initially. Renal lesions consist of extensive vacuolization and mitochondrial changes of the tubular epithelial cells, vacuolization of the visceral epithelial cells of the glomeruli, and slight to moderate mesangial sclerosis. The impaired renal hemodynamic function and various tubular functions improved following plasmaphereses associated with reduction of plasma phytanic acid. Over-all clinical improvement was also evident.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Renal transplantation in systemic lupus erythematosus.

3 patients with chronic renal failure due to lupus nephritis received kidney allografts from cadaver donors. Serological activity was present in 2 patients at the time of transplantation, and continued unabated despite intensive immunosuppressive therapy. Their allograft failed at 5 and 7 months after transplantation. Anti-DNA antibody in the allograft was found in 1 patient. The 3rd patient, with no serological activity at the time of transplantation, remained serologically negative, and her allograft functioned for 18 months. The persistence of serological activity in 1 patient, and the recovery of anti-DNA antibody from her allograft provide proof for the recurrence of lupus nephritis in the allograft.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Glomerular lesions in patients with late-onset cystinosis with massive proteinuria.

3 siblings--2 brothers aged 18 and 13 years, and 1 sister, aged 11 years--with adolescent or late-onset cystinosis presented with massive proteinuria. At the time their glomerular filtration rate was normal or only modestly diminished. Though glomerular injury was evident, renal tubular functional abnormalities were also present. Renal biopsy revealed histopathologic features typical of the nephropathic form of cystinosis with the Fanconi syndrome: polykaryocytosis, varying degrees of glomerular sclerosis, thickening and reduplication of basement membrane, fused foot processes, dilated tubules with altered epithelial cell features, and interstitial fibrosis. Fine granular deposits of C3 and IgM are irregularly distributed in the glomeruli, findings which have not been described in cystinosis. These deposits are possibly immune complexes being deposited in the glomeruli unrelated to the cystine-storage disease or they may represent a localized activation of the complement system induced by the glomerular injury of cystinosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Massive proteinuria and its effects on renal tubular functions.

Studies of renal tubular functions were made in two groups of patients with biopsy-proven primary glomerulonephropathies to assess the effects of proteinuria on the tubules. Group I (n = 9) had had minimal proteinuria and Group II (n = 8) had massive proteinuria. At the time the studies were made, all patients were normotensive, free of oedema, and on no dietary or drug therapy; they had normal glomerular filtration rates, serum albumin and total protein concentrations. Patients in Group II had diminished urine concentrating ability, impaired acidifying mechanism, but elevated maximum tubular secretory capacity compared with patients in Group I.

Glomerular Filtration Rate↗
PubMed1976

Antibody response to influenza vaccination in renal transplant patients: correlation with allograft function.

Thirty renal transplant recipients received 0.5 ml of Influenza Virus Vaccine, Bivalent, USP, intramuscularly. Serum hemagglutination-inhibiting and nasal secretory neutralizing antibodies were measured before and 3 to 4 weeks after vaccination. Creatinine clearance and urinary protein excretion were measured before and weekly for 4 to 8 weeks after vaccination. Ten of 13 patients (77%) with creatinine clearance of greater than or equal to 70 ml/min-1.73m2 (group I) had greater than or equal to a fourfold increase in hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers to influenza A or B virus after vaccination, while only six of 17 patients (35%) with creatinine clearance of greater than 70 ml/min-1.73m2 (group II) had a similar increase (chi-square = 5.129; P less than 0.05). Six of 13 patients (46%) in group I had greater than or equal to a fourfold increase in neutralizing antibody titers to influenza A or B virus after vaccination, whereas none in group II had a similar increase (chi-square = 7.135; P less than 0.01). There were no adverse effects on the allografts. Only minor side effects were noted in a few patients. Because of its safety and antigenicity, influenza vaccination should be offered to renal transplant recipients particularly during threats of epidemic outbreaks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Spontaneous remission of the nephrotic syndrome in diabetic nephropathy.

A 28 year old woman, with diabetes since age 18, had the nephrotic syndrome, hypertension and renal insufficiency. The initial renal biopsy specimen revealed diffuse glomerulosclerosis with early nodular changes. After an initial decline in renal function, her creatinine clearance progressively improved and has remained normal. Within 2 years she had a spontaneous remission of the nephrotic syndrome despite the presence of more pronounced nodular glomerular lesions. Although the renal hemodynamic functions were normal, certain tubular functions were impaired. Since we found no etiology for the nephrotic syndrome other than diabetic glomerulopathy, the complete remission of the nephrotic syndrome and improvement in renal function were very unusual events.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effects of furosemide on low-dose mercuric chloride acute renal failure in the rat.

The use of potent diuretics in acute renal failure remains controversial. Both beneficial and detrimental effects have been reported. In the present study, the effects of both low and high doses of furosemide administered in the developmental and established stages of mercuric chloride-induced acute renal failure were evaluated. Both low and high doses of furosemide produced a significant diuresis when given early in the course of experimental acute renal failure. Despite this diuresis, furosemide did not modify the development of the acute renal failure. Continued administration of a low dose of furosemide had no effect on renal function; however, prolonged administration of high doses of furosemide resulted in significantly lower creatinine clearances 48 hr after induction of acute renal failure. This detrimental effect was due to sodium depletion by the diuretic since it was prevented by continuous replacement of urinary sodium losses. In the absence of sodium depletion, high doses of furosemide produced a significant diuresis, both in the developmental and established phases of acute renal failure, but it had no effect on the degree of renal functional impairment.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1975

Renal function before and after unilateral nephrectomy in renal donors.

Measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), tubular maximum reabsorption of glucose (Tmglucose) and secretion of para-aminohippurate (Tmpah), clearance of inorganic phosphate (Cphosphate) and uric acid (Curic acid), urine diluting capacity (CH2O) and urinary net acid excretion (UH + V) were made before and 10 to 14 days after unilateral nephrectomy in seven healthy renal donors. Comparisons were made between the functions of the remaining kidney and 50% of pre-uninephrectomy values. Mean post-uninephrectomy GFR increased by 36%, and mean ERPF, 55%. Tmglucose, Tmpah, Cphosphate, uric acid, CH2O, UH + V increased significantly, after uninephrectomy. The increase in Tmpah, Tmglucose and CH2O is proportional to the rise in GFR while the increase in Cphosphate, Curic acid and UH + V is proportionally greater than the increase in GFR. The changes in post-uninephrectomy renal handling of phosphate are not due to an increase in parathyroid hormone secretion.

Adult↗