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Biomedical subjects

R C Noble

Publications and source records attributed to R C Noble.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Respiratory insufficiency after intraperitoneal administration of Kanamycin: failure of calcium gluconate to reverse toxic effects.

A 47-year-old woman developed postanesthesia respiratory insufficiency five hours after an intramuscular injection of 0.5 gm of kanamycin and one hour and 40 minutes after peritoneal lavage with 1.0 gm of kanamycin. The respiratory insufficiency was not reversed by an intravenous infusion of 400 mg of calcium gluconate. This is the third reported instance of respiratory insufficiency after kanamycin lavage. Only one of the previously reported patients responded to intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate, despite the experimental evidence supporting its efficacy.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1976

The effects of exposure to warm environments on bovine plasma lipid composition.

The concentrations of total fatty acids and free cholesterol in the plasma of Ayrshire calves decreased following, but not during, short-term exposure to heat. Lower concentrations of total fatty acids and free cholesterol were maintained on prolonged heat exposure. Blood and plasma volumes were little affected by either short-term or prolonged heat exposure. Haematocrit rose during short-term heat stress and on prolonged heat exposure there was a decrease in erythrocyte fragility.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Synthesis of cholesterol esters in the plasma and liver of sheep.

A study was made with sheep on the formation in vitro of long chain fatty acid esters of cholesterol by the lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase system present in the plasma and the acyl CoA-cholesterola cyltransferase system present in the liver. The rate of cholesterol esterification in the plasma was 0.024 mumoles/ml/hr. The relative pattern of fatty acids esterified during incubation of the plasma remained constant over the 8 hr period of incubation and was similar to the fatty acids in the plasma cholesteryl esters before incubation began and to the fatty acids in the 2-position of the plasma lecithin. The predominant cholesteryl esters synthesized contained monoenoic and dienoic fatty acids. Unlike the bovine, there was no apparent discrimination in favor of the 18:2 containing species of plasma lecithin as donors of fatty acids. This difference could be accounted for by the similarity in the 18:2 content of the phospholipids present in the high density (density greater than 1.062 and less than 1.21) and the low density (density greater than 1.006 and less than 1.063) lipoprotein fractions of the sheep plasma. The possibility of some discrimination against 20:4 during cholesterol ester synthesis in the plasma of the sheep cannot be excluded. In the liver, the predominant cholesteryl esters synthesized contained saturated and monoenoic fatty acids; cholesteryl linoleate was synthesized to a very much less extent. There was considerable similarity between the composition of the unesterified fatty acid fraction of the liver before incubation began and the fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl esters synthesized during incubation. Addition of sonicated suspensions of free fatty acidsaltered markedly the fatty acid pattern of the cholesteryl esters synthesized by the liver slices. From the evidence presented it is concluded that the cholesteryl esters in sheep plasma are syntheized mainly by the plasma lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase system. The results are discussed in relation to cholesterol esterification systems demonstrated in the plasma and liver of monogastric animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Use of internal vial for determining quench correction in scintillation counting of heterogeneous media.

An insert vial situated at the center of the counting medium and containing a standard count has been used for quench correction in the liquid scintillation counting of gels containing suspensions of silicic acid scrapings from thin layer chromatoplates. The method has provided a simple and direct means of routine count correction for a range of 14-C-labeled lipid classes following separation on thin layer chromatoplates. The use of insert vial provides several advantages over other methods for the count correction of these suspensions.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1975

Changes with diet in the composition of phosphatidyl choline of sheep bile.

Bile phosphatidyl choline from sheep, in contrast to that from nonruminants, contains low levels of the normal range of polyunsaturated fatty acids. A comparison has been made of the composition of bile phosphatidyl cholines from sheep receiving either a control diet, a control diet supplemented with unprotected maize oil, or a control diet supplemented with soybean oil or tallow that had been protected against hydrolysis and hydrogenation of the rumen. The composition of bile phosphatidyl choline from sheep receiving protected soybean oil supplement was virtually indistinguishable from that from nonruminants.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effect of diet on the composition of cholesteryl esters of sheep adrenals.

Fatty acid components of cholesteryl esters from the adrenals of sheep, like those of nonruminants, were characterized by significant amounts of the longer chain metabolites of linoleic acid. Administration to sheep of diets rich in linoleic acid and protected against biohydrogenation did not alter the concentration of these components significantly. Although 18:2 levels were elevated, this was largely at the expense of cis-monoenoic fatty acids.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1975

Relationship between lipids in plasma and skin secretions of neonatal calf with particular reference to linoleic acid.

A study has been made on the lipid composition of the skin secretions and plasma of the neonatal calf. A significant proportion of the skin surface lipids was comprised of triglycerides. Saturated fatty acids comprised the major proportion of the fatty acids of the skin surface triglycerides at birth. Immediately after birth, the proportion of the saturated fatty acids decreased, and there was a concomittant increase in the proportion of 18:1. Some 3-4 weeks after birth, the proportion of 18:2 delta cis-9, cis-12 in the skin surface triglycerides increased to ca. 14 percent, and there was a decrease in the proportion of 18:1. The 18:2 was shown to be confined almost entirely to the 2 position of the triglycerides. During the first 5 weeks after birth, the concentrations of the cholesteryl esters and phospholipids in the plasma increased markedly and were accompanied by a rapid increase in the proportion of 18:2 within these 2 fractions. The results are discussed in relation to the known role of 18:2 in the metabolism of biological systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The role of plant particles, bacteria and cell-free supernatant fractions of rumen contents in the hydrolysis of trilinolein and the subsequent hydrogenation of linoleic acid.

The role of different fractions of rumen contents in the hydrolysis of trilinolein and the subsequent hydrogenation of the linoleic acid has been investigated by a series of in vitro incubations. Hydrolysis of the trilinolein to free linoleic acid occurs almost wholly in the cell-free supernatant; the liberated linoleic acid in the supernatant can be rapidly adsorbed onto food particles where it is hydrogenated to stearic acid via the C18 trans-11 monoene. Some 25% of the trilinolein added as substrate was taken up by the bacteria and of this a small percentage appeared to be hydrolysed and the free linoleic acid hydrogenated to stearic acid intracellularly. No conclusive evidence was obtained to suggest that this intracellular hydrogenation proceeded by a route other than that which took place on the food particles.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of leukocyte count and function in smoking and nonsmoking young men.

Leukocyte function and other hematological measurements were tested in 14 smoking and 13 nonsmoking young men free of intercurrent or chronic diseases. Leukocyte chemotaxis was depressed in smoking subjects when compared to the same subjects abstaining from cigarettes or to the nonsmokers. Smoking did not affect the whole blood bactericidal capacity of leukocytes and serum for Staphyloccus aureus or Klebsiella pneumoniae. Total leukocyte counts, hematocritis, and monocyte counts were higher in the smoking subjects when compared to the nonsmokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Plasma cholesterol ester formation in the neonatal lamb.

Investigations have been made into the activity of the lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase (LCAT) enzyme in the formation of the cholesteryl esters in the plasma of the newborn lamb. Although LCAT activity is present in the plasma immediately after birth, within 24 h a large increase in the activity of the LCAT system occurs. This increase in LCAT activity during the first 24 h after birth is associated with increased concentrations of lipid substrates in the plasma. However, evidence is provided to show that severe inhibition occurs in the relative efficiency with which the LCAT mechanism operates in the plasma of the lamb immediately after birth.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1975

The effect of environment on sebum output and composition in cattle.

In an investigation into the effect of short-term exposure to different temperatures and humidities on the sebaceous glands of Ayrshire calves it was concluded that temperature had no appreciable effect on sebum output or its fatty acid composition. At a low humidity, however, the cutaneous outputs of palmitic and myristic acids were higher. On prolonged exposure to a warm environment, a higher output of sebum occurred together with an increase in the percentage of linoleic acid in the sebum.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Characterization of the antibody response to type 12 M protein of group A streptococcus.

Group A streptococcal M protein is defined by its ability to stimulate type-specific precipitating and protective antibodies. Type 12 M protein was prepared by the acid-heat extraction of whole cells and ammonium sulfate precipitation. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the resulting M protein revealed multiple protein bands. The acrylamide gel was divided into three parts and protein from each part was tested for the ability to stimulate antibodies in rabbits. Only the proximal two portions of the gel produced protective antibody as measured by the long-chain and mouse-protective tests. Protein in all sections of the gel stimulated the production of precipitating and hemagglutinating antibodies. A low level of protective antibody as measured by the indirect bactericidal test was present only in the antisera to Part 1 of the gel. The results indicate that M protein stimulates antibodies with different functions.

Animals↗