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Biomedical subjects

R C Joshi

Publications and source records attributed to R C Joshi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma treated with electron beam irradiation in Indian patients.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare occurrence in India. Total skin electron irradiation (TSEI) is a well-accepted therapeutic modality for the treatment of CTCL throughout the world. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the treatment outcome of TSEI in Indian patients with CTCL and to determine the different parameters affecting the disease-free survival in these patients. METHODS: Fourteen male patients between 27 and 82 years of age with CTCL (duration of disease, 4 months to 2 years) were treated with TSEI between 1985 and 1998. Seven patients had early stage disease, while the other seven had advanced disease. Two patients had lymph node involvement at the time of presentation. The TSEI was performed according to the Stanford technique delivering a total dose in the range 8-36 Gy. RESULTS: Of the 14 patients, 10 showed complete remission following TSEI. The total follow-up period was 4-110 months (median, 52 months). Five patients were disease free at the end of 5 years. Two patients died due to rapid progression of the disease, while the cutaneous lesions relapsed in three patients after 2-27 months and one patient developed visceral metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: TSEI was an effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of CTCL in this group of patients, both as a curative and palliative measure, although the long-term prognosis is poor.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Variation in the isocentre of a Philips linear accelerator (SL-20) used for stereotactic radiosurgery/stereotactic radiotherapy.

Stereotactic irradiation, either in the form of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) of brain lesions requires high precision and submillimetre accuracy in the isocentre, the main determinants being gantry and couch rotations. It is thus necessary to evaluate the isocentre variation due to gantry and couch rotations in the particular setup for SRS/SRT. This paper describes variation in the isocentre of a Philips (now Elekta) SL-20 linear accelerator modified for adapting a couch-mounted radiosurgery system. By considering the isocentre as defined by a mechanical index as the standard, the variations in the isocentre of the linear accelerator were independently measured for the gantry and for couch rotations. The variation in the isocentre for gantry rotation was found to be between 0.1 mm and 0.9 mm, conforming to the submillimetre accuracy required for SRS/SRT. However, the isocentre variation due to couch rotation varied considerably, possibly because the couch is of the RAM type. The isocentre variation due to couch rotation is rectified by microadjusting the couch mount at the time of treatment using a laser target localizing frame. It is our conclusion that a modified linear accelerator can be used for performing SRS/SRT after careful and separate evaluation of the isocentre stability due to gantry and couch rotations.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Radiotherapy in locally advanced cancer of the cervix.

Radical radiotherapy is considered as the treatment of choice in locally advanced cancer cervix. In late stages radiotherapy produce optimum palliation and to some extent cure. Three hundred cases of cancer cervix (stage I-IV) comprising stage-I (7), stage-II (144), stage-III (145) and stage IV (4) were evaluated and treated with radiotherapy between April 1990 to July 1994. FIGO stage IB, IIA and IIB (early), were treated with predominant intracavitary radiotherapy (34 Gy X 2 fractions; within one week) followed by external pelvic radiotherapy to a dose of 36 Gy in 18 fractions; treating 200 cGy per fraction, 5 days a week. The late stage (stage-IIB, IIIA and IIIB, IVA) of disease were managed with initial external radiotherapy to a dose of 50 Gy, followed by a single intracavitary dose of 30 Gy to point-A. The median follow up was 33 months (range 12-72 months). The tumor volume less than 100 cc were associated with better survival than volume more than 100 cc (p < 0.05). The five year actuarial survival was 83%, 68% and 58% respectively in FIGO stage I-III disease. There were 0.33% and 2.6% late grade-III bladder and rectal complications. Our experience shows effectiveness of radiotherapy in the management of locally advanced cancer of the cervix.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Iridium-192 interstitial brachytherapy in carcinoma of the tongue. The importance of various tumor and physical parameters.

A detailed analysis of host-tumor factors and interstitial physical factors influencing the disease-free control in carcinoma of the tongue was carried out. Twenty-eight cases of carcinoma of the tongue T1-3, NO-1, MO were treated radically with combined external irradiation and 192Iridium interstitial brachytherapy (one patient received brachytherapy only). The teletherapy dose ranged from 44 Gy to 56 Gy (average 48 Gy), the brachytherapy dose ranged from 16 Gy to 55 Gy (average 22 Gy). The interstitial practice involved loop technique in all the cases. Dose distribution analysis to assess factors influencing local control included indices of dose rate, source activity, inter-planar distance, and discontinuity in the prescribed isodose in other planes when compared to mid-plane. Two-year actuarial disease-free survival (DFS) was 46% with primary treatment and 63% when salvage treatment was also included. DFS was significantly poorer when the interplanar distance at mid-plane exceeded 10 mm (p < 0.05). Similarly, tumor control was poorer (p < 0.008) when there was discontinuity in the prescribed isodose in 1 or 2 planes (1 cm superior and inferior to mid-plane). Interplanar distance of around 10 mm, prescribed isodose continuity in all three planes and limiting the dose maximum within a factor of 2 will optimize the results of interstitial implants.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Humoral antibody response in animals infected with virulent rinderpest virus.

Humoral antibody responses in cattle or rabbits infected with virulent rinderpest virus or lapinised rinderpest virus respectively were assessed. Rinderpest specific antibodies could be first detected 6 days post-infection. No correlation could be established between antibody response and the course of the disease in infected animals during the early stages of infection. The animals with fatal infection either did not respond or had a transient antibody response. A gradual increase in antibody titre from 7 days post-infection was observed in animals which ultimately recovered.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Ifosfamide, mitomycin and radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Ifosfamide and mitomycin C are two of the more active single agents in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study evaluates these drugs in combination followed by radiotherapy. A total of 33 ambulatory patients with inoperable NSCLC were treated with 5 g/m2 ifosfamide as a 24-h infusion, with the concurrent administration of sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate (mesna; 160% of the ifosfamide dose) and 6 mg/m2 mitomycin C given as an i.v. bolus injection on the 2nd day. The median age of the patients was 61 years. In all, 20 patients had limited disease and 13, extensive disease. A total of 30 were assessable for response to chemotherapy, 8 of whom achieved a partial response (PR) and 5, a complete response (CR) (2 were verified bronchoscopically). The overall response rate was thus 43%. All but one response (a PR) were in patients with limited disease (LD). A total of 21 patients, including 13 responders, received thoracic irradiation (30 Gy in 8 fractions over 10 days) following chemotherapy. One PR was converted to a radiological CR. In all, 17 (55%) of the patients were alive at 1 year. All patients suffered chemotherapy-induced alopecia (WHO grade 3), but there were no treatment modifications due to myelosuppression, haemorrhagic cystitis or other toxicity. WHO grade 3 nausea and vomiting were seen in all patients. There was one treatment-related death. Combination therapy using ifosfamide and mitomycin C has useful activity in NSCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Detection of rinderpest antigen by latex agglutination test.

A slightly modified latex agglutination test was applied for detection of rinderpest antigen. The antigen was added to sensitized latex particles in the presence of hyperimmune antiserum to facilitate agglutination. Out of 129 samples tested by latex agglutination (LA), solid phase aggregation of coated erythrocytes (SPACE), reverse phase passive haemagglutination (RPHA) and counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) test, 86.0, 86.8, 84.4 and 79.8 per cent, respectively, were found positive.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1987

Reverse phase passive haemagglutination test for the detection of rinderpest antigen.

Reverse phase passive haemagglutination [RPHA] test was applied for the detection of rinderpest antigen in various organs of rinderpest infected cattle. The results of RPHA were compared with counter immunoelectrophoresis [CIE] and single radial haemolysis [SRH] test. RPHA was as sensitive as CIE and SRH in detecting rinderpest antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Application of solid phase aggregation of coated erythrocytes technique for detection of rinderpest antigen.

A solid phase aggregation of coated erythrocytes (SPACE) technique was standardized and used for the detection of rinderpest antigen in 129 samples of 9 visceral organs; from 50 clinical samples such as gum scraping, tongue scraping, faeces, urine, nasal swabs; blood from 18 rinderpest infected cattle and 2 field samples. The comparative sensitivity of SPACE, reverse phase passive haemagglutination and counter-immuno-electrophoresis tests was found to be 86.8, 84.5 and 79.8%, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Single radial hemolysis test for the detection of rinderpest antibody.

The single radial hemolysis [SRH] test was employed for detection of rinderpest antibodies in post-vaccinated serum samples as also in serum samples from animals recovered from rinderpest infection. The results were compared with counterimmunoelectrophoresis [CIE] and serum neutralisation [SN] tests. The CIE test was found to be more sensitive than SRH but because of ease and simplicity SRH can also be used for monitoring antibody development after vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Acute and long term effect of nifedipine on pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive airways disease.

To determine whether Nifedipine reduces pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, we have studied ten clinically stable patients with chronic obstructive airways disease following acute administration of sublingual Nifedipine 20 mg and also after three months long term treatment with Nifedipine tablets 20mg bd. In the acute study, Nifedipine significantly raised mean pulmonary artery pressure from 30.32 +/- 13.07 mm Hg to 34.15 +/- 14.33 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) and pulmonary wedge pressure from 6.15 +/- 5.09 mm Hg to 7.6 +/- 3.39 mm Hg (p less than 0.1). There was a significant fall in mean systematic artery pressure from 99.06 +/- 12.05 mm Hg to 89.47 +/- 10.04 mm Hg (p less than 0.005) and a rise in heart rate from 79 +/- 9.7 beats/minute to 85.45 +/- 13.46 beats/minute (p less than 0.5). There was a significant change in cardiac index from 2.96 +/- 0.76 l/min/m2 to 3.2 +/- 0.51 l/min/m2 p(less than 0.1). There was no statistically significant change in pulmonary vascular resistance from 5.06 +/- 3.45 mm Hg/l/min to 4.92 +/- 3.10 mm Hg/l/min. In the long term study, no statistically significant differences over the base line values were found in measurements of mean pulmonary artery and pulmonary wedge pressures, mean systemic artery pressure, cardiac index and PO2. There was a greater fall in pulmonary vascular resistance in comparison with the acute study. The pulmonary vascular resistance fell from 5.06 +/- 3.45 mm Hg/l/min to 4.24 +/- 2.31 mm Hg/l/min but did not achieve statistical significance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Antibody response of cattle to rinderpest vaccine.

Antibody production was studied in cattle infected with rinderpest vaccine virus. Vaccinated cattle produced both IgM and IgG serum antibodies. The IgG antibodies were mainly those of IgG2 subclass. No IgA antibody response was detected in vaccinated animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Detection of rinderpest antibodies.

Rinderpest antibodies were detected by employing the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and the immunoperoxidase test (IPT) and the results were compared with the counterimmuno electrophoresis test (CIE). FAT was found to be the most sensitive in detecting post-vaccinal antibodies followed by IPT and CIE tests.

Animals↗