Biomedical subjects

R C Jones

Publications and source records attributed to R C Jones.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Experimental inoculation of mice with trypsin-resistant and trypsin-sensitive avian reoviruses.

Groups of sucking Swiss albino mice were inoculated by the intracerebral (i.c.), intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral route with a trypsin-sensitive avian reovirus (TR1) or a trypsin-resistant (R2) reovirus. The viruses caused a number of effects, the most severe occurring after i.c. inoculation and the least after oral inoculation. They included incoordination and tremors, oiliness of the hair, and retarded growth. Patterns of viral persistence in tissues were similar for the two viruses, with high titres in the brain on days 3 and 6 after i.c. or i.p. injection. Both viruses were still present in the brain 21 days after i.c. injection. No virus was found in any tissue when TR1 was given orally. All groups "seroconverted" except the one infected orally with TR1, but neutralization titres were low. The effects resembled those described for mammalian reoviruses in mice. The results indicate that, for short periods, wild mice may be capable of transmitting avian reoviruses between poultry flocks. Furthermore, in the production of monoclonal antibodies to avian reoviruses in mice, it is possible that pathological changes will occur.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1997

Effect of storage of chicken and turkey blood on the lymphocyte responses to concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen.

The effect of storage of whole blood of chicken and turkeys on the mitogen responses of lymphocytes to concanavalin A (con A) and pokeweed mitogen was investigated. It was found that, despite slight differences in optimum storage conditions with respect to mitogens, species and age of birds, blood could be stored for 24 h at 4 degrees C without significant reduction in the lymphoproliferative responses. However, even during the initial 24 h storage of blood at 4 degrees C, the levels of reduction in stimulation index (SI) values following con A stimulation, ranged from 27% for 3-4 week-old turkeys to 60% for 3-4 week-old white leghorn chickens.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Growth of infectious bronchitis virus vaccines in oviducts derived from oestrogen-treated chicks and embryos.

Six commercial infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccines and five IBV field strains were titrated in tracheal organ cultures (TOC) and oviduct organ cultures (OOC). Endpoints were determined in three different ways: ciliostasis (CD50), immunofluorescence staining (IFID50) and organ culture infectivity (OCID50). For the two most attenuated vaccine viruses, infectivity assessed by IFID50 and OCID50 was significantly higher than that assessed by CD50. No significant differences were found between IFID50 and CD50 with the five virulent viruses in either OOC or TOC. This suggests that the most attenuated viruses multiply in these tissues to a greater extent than assessed by their pathogenic potential i.e. ciliostasis. Comparison of IFID50 and CD50 may be a useful method for screening candidate live respiratory viral vaccines for attenuation. OOC prepared from oestrogen-treated embryos were not efficacious.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

A new MHC locus that influences class I peptide presentation.

We have investigated the HLA-B27-restricted CTL response to HY minor histocompatibility antigens in rats and mice transgenic for HLA-B27 and human beta2-microglobulin. A polymorphism was found at a locus within the H2 complex, producing two distinct but overlapping sets of B27-presented HY peptides. The locus, named Cim2, mapped between the K and Pb loci, and its product is therefore distinct from TAP, LMP, and tapasin. Identical findings in rats and mice, including identical HY peptide sequences and the failure of a rat Tap2A transgene to alter CTL recognition, suggest that a homologous locus with similar polymorphism exists in the rat. Cim2, or a closely linked locus, was found to exert a broad effect on peptide loading of both HLA-B27 and mouse class I alleles. The data thus establish a strong, previously unrecognized MHC-encoded influence on the class I antigen pathway.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

PubMed1997

Perturbation of fluid reabsorption in the efferent ducts of the rat by testosterone propionate, 17beta-oestradiol 3-benzoate, flutamide and tamoxifen.

The regulation by oestradiol and testosterone of fluid reabsorption in the efferent ducts of the rat was investigated by determining the effects of administering the hormones and their antagonists. Untreated rats were compared to animals treated for 7 days with testosterone propionate (1 mg d(-1)), oestradiol benzoate (400 microg d(-1)), flutamide (10 mg d(-1)) or tamoxifen (1 mg d(-1)). Two procedures were used to measure perturbation of transepithelial fluid fluxes in vivo. The first procedure used cannulation of the proximal epididymal duct and micropuncture of the rete testis to compare the rate at which fluid enters and leaves the efferent ducts. Oestradiol administration increased (p < 0.001) the volume of fluid entering the epididymal duct from the efferent ducts (i.e. reduced reabsorption) while flutamide and tamoxifen decreased (p < 0.05) the amount of fluid entering the epididymal duct (i.e. increased fluid reabsorption). Testosterone did not have a statistically significant effect, although it produced a small increase in fluid reabsorption. There was some perturbation of the concentration of electrolytes and the osmotic pressure of the fluid leaving the efferent ducts, but as these were not large, it is suggested that the treatments had little effect on the basic mechanisms of osmotic water transport via solute-solvent coupling. The second procedure used to test the effect of the steroids involved microperfusing individual efferent ducts, and the results were consistent with those of the first study. Oestradiol decreased fluid reabsorption by the efferent ducts (p < 0.05), and testosterone (p < 0.05, lowest perfusion rate only), flutamide (p < 0.001) and tamoxifen (p < 0.01) increased reabsorption. The similar responses to flutamide and testosterone administration suggest that flutamide acted as an androgenic agonist by elevating systemic and luminal androgen. It is concluded that fluid reabsorption in the efferent ducts is perturbed by oestrogens and androgens. Although their actions have not been completely resolved, it is proposed that they are involved in a chronic regulation, with androgens stimulating and oestrogens suppressing fluid reabsorption by the ducts.

Androgen Antagonists↗

PubMed1997

Cellular cancer vaccine induces delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and augments antibody response to tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (sialyl Le(a), sialyl Le(x), GD3 and GM2) better than soluble lysate cancer vaccine.

Allogenic whole cell and lysate cancer vaccines are associated with very different clinical outcome, which could be due to different immune responses to critical tumor-associated antigens. We used a guinea pig model to evaluate the immune responses to melanoma-associated carbohydrate antigens administered in whole cell and soluble lysate vaccines produced from the same cell lines and administered with or without Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Animals immunized with whole cell vaccine developed a significantly higher delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. The IgG response to all tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens except GD2 was significantly higher in animals immunized with whole cell vaccine than lysate vaccine. This study indicates that whole cell vaccine is superior to soluble or lysate vaccine because it induces a better immune response against cell-surface antigens. The addition of BCG significantly increased the antibody response, suggesting that an exogenous adjuvant may immunopotentiate antigens better in the presence of an intact cell membrane.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1997

Adrenal independence of fluid and electrolyte reabsorption in the ductuli efferentes testis of the rat.

The ductuli efferentes testis (efferent ducts) of the rat were studied to determine whether fluid and electrolyte reabsorption by the ducts is under the control of adrenal mineralocorticoids. Testicular fluid output and the rate of fluid reabsorption by the ducts were determined in sham-operated controls and in rats which had been adrenalectomized 10 days previously, adrenalectomized 10 days previously and given aldosterone therapy (75 micrograms kg-1 day-1 S.C.) from day 3 to day 10 post adrenalectomy, and in rats given injections of the aldosterone antagonist, spironolactone, for 10 days (10 mg kg-1 day-1 S.C.). The values for testicular fluid output and fluid flow from the efferent ducts (means +/- S.E.M.) in the sham-operated rats were 36.0 +/- 7.8 and 1.23 +/- 0.12 microliters h-1, respectively, resulting in an estimate of fluid reabsorption by the efferent ducts of 94.8 +/- 1.6% of the testicular fluid output. None of the treatments resulted in a significant change in testicular fluid output or in fluid reabsorption from the efferent ducts. Similarly, the treatments did not significantly alter the osmolality or electrolyte concentrations in fluid samples from the rete testis or the distal end of the efferent ducts (sham-operated values for rete testis and efferent duct fluid, respectively, were: osmolality, 311.2 +/- 1.7 and 302.7 +/- 5.7 mosmol kg-1; [Na+], 151.2 +/- 5.6 and 150.8 +/- 8.1 mmol l-1; [Cl-], 147.9 +/- 6.6 and 126.7 +/- 2.2 mmol l-1; [K+], 15.2 +/- 0.7 and 13.5 +/- 2.4 mmol l-1). It is concluded that, like the homologous proximal tubule of the metanephric kidney, fluid reabsorption from the efferent ducts is independent of adrenal mineralocorticoid control.

Adrenal Glands↗

PubMed1997

Pulmonary vasoconstriction and hypertension in mice with targeted disruption of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS 3) gene.

NO, synthesized in endothelial cells by endothelial NO synthase (NOS 3), is believed to be an important endogenous pulmonary vasodilator substance that contributes to the normal low pulmonary vascular resistance. To selectively investigate the role of NOS 3 in the pulmonary circulation, mice with targeted disruption of the NOS 3 gene were studied. Pulmonary hemodynamics were studied by measuring pulmonary artery pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and lower thoracic aortic flow by using a novel open-chest technique. Transient partial occlusion of the inferior vena cava was used to assess the pulmonary artery pressure-flow relationship. Tension developed by isolated pulmonary artery segments after acetylcholine stimulation was measured in vitro. The histological appearance of NOS 3-deficient and wild-type murine lungs was compared. NOS 3-deficient mice (n = 27), when compared with wild-type mice (n = 32), had pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary artery pressure, 19.0 +/- 0.8 versus 16.4 +/- 0.6 mm Hg [mean +/- SE]; P < .05) that was due to an increased total pulmonary resistance (62 +/- 6 versus 33 +/- 2 mm Hg.min.g.mL-1; P < .001). In vitro, acetylcholine induced vasodilation in the main pulmonary arteries of wild-type but not NOS 3-deficient mice. The morphology of the lungs of NOS 3-deficient mice did not differ from that of wild-type mice. We conclude that NOS 3 is a key enzyme responsible for providing basal pulmonary NO release. Congenital NOS 3 deficiency produces mild pulmonary hypertension in mice.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1997

Sentinel lymphadenectomy in breast cancer.

PURPOSE: We previously demonstrated increased detection of axillary metastases using sentinel lymphadenectomy (SLND) and immunohistochemistry. These methods have evolved and we now report our current use of these techniques and our most recent results of axillary staging with SLND. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred seven consecutive women (previously unreported) with breast cancer underwent SLND followed by completion axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND). All sentinel nodes were examined intraoperatively with frozen section and postoperatively with hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) plus immunohistochemical staining (IHC) using antibody to cytokeratin. The nonsentinel axillary nodes were examined with H&E, but not IHC. RESULTS: The median age was 56.6 years (range, 28 to 90). Most patients (58.9%) were postmenopausal, most primary tumors (62.6%) were palpable, and most operations (86.9%) were breast-conserving. The mean tumor size was 2.11 +/- 1.38 cm. Sentinel nodes were identified in 100 patients: 42 patients had metastases in sentinel nodes; of these, 28 (66.7%) had no other involved axillary nodes. On average, 1.8 +/- 1.1 sentinel nodes were examined and 20.3 +/- 7.8 nonsentinel nodes were removed. Of seven patients with no identified sentinel nodes, six had a tumor-negative axilla. SLND was 100% predictive of axillary status in these 100 women. CONCLUSION: In this population of breast cancer patients, SLND with frozen section and IHC was a minimally invasive, highly accurate intraoperative method of axillary staging. We are evaluating the elimination of routine ALND for sentinel-node negative women to minimize the morbidity associated with standard dissections. The ability to identify node-negative patients without ALND would be a welcome addition to the management of women with breast cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Evaluation of neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic response of locally advanced breast cancer by magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND: The implementation of new treatment protocols for locally advanced breast cancer is currently limited by inaccurate evaluation of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A recently developed dedicated breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method (RODEO MRI) was evaluated as a tool for determining tumor response and extent of residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with Stage II, III, or IV breast carcinoma were prospectively evaluated prior to and following neoadjuvant chemotherapy by MRI, physical examination, and mammography. Assessment of response determined by the three methods was compared. In addition, detailed pathologic correlation of residual disease was determined by serial sectioning of 31 mastectomy specimens from 30 patients. Nine patients had breast conservation, and were included in the response evaluation only. Estimates of tumor response were made by both surgical and medical oncologists. Independent interpretations of MRI studies without knowledge of clinical response were made by three radiologists. RESULTS: The surgical oncologists assessed complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and no response (NR) in 11, 22, and 7 cases, respectively. The medical oncologists assessed CR, PR, and NR in 12, 21, and 7 cases, respectively. The surgical and medical oncologists' clinical assessment of response agreed with the results of MRI in 52% and 55% of cases, respectively, and with each other in 30 of 40 cases (75%). Mammography correlated with MRI response in only 52% of cases. However, MRI accurately predicted the pathologic determination of residual disease in 30 of 31 cases (97%). There was no disagreement in the assessments of residual disease or response among the three radiologists. CONCLUSIONS: RODEO breast MRI accurately estimates residual disease after induction chemotherapy. It assesses response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy better than traditional methods of physical examination or mammography. The information obtained from this MRI technique may be used as an objective tool during clinical trials, and to select patients better for breast conservation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Prenatal hormonal therapy improves pulmonary morphology in rats with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

The high mortality of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is due to associated pulmonary hypoplasia, which resembles that seen in premature newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). By use of successful therapies extrapolated from RDS, quantitative stereologic morphometry techniques were applied to evaluate pulmonary development following prenatal hormonal therapy in rats with nitrofen-induced CDH. Antenatal hormonal therapy was administered on Days 18.5 and 19.5 prior to delivery on Day 21.5 (term = Day 22), using dexamethasone (Dex), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), Dex-TRH, or normal saline (NS) as vehicle control. Lungs from CDH rats (n = 5) and non-nitrofen-fed controls (n = 5) were studied, and 10 morphometric airspace parameters were determined by point counting 18-30 fields/lung/animal. Indices of maturation, including total internal surface area (SA), airspace volume fractions (V(Valv)), duct fractions (V(Vducts)), and radial alveolar count (RAC), were improved by Dex and Dex-TRH compared with NS-CDH controls (P = 0.0001), as were five other morphometric airspace parameters (P < 0.05). Strikingly, Dex and Dex-TRH treatment corrected average airspace volume (AAV) and the volume fraction of air-conducting elements (V(Vducts)) toward normal values seen in non-nitrofen-fed control animals. TRH therapy alone had minimal beneficial effects. Prenatal steroid +/- TRH thus improved multiple morphometric parameters of lung maturity in CDH rats, supporting the potential use of in utero hormonal therapy to treat humans with antenatally diagnosed CDH.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Immune response to polyvalent melanoma cell vaccine in AJCC stage III melanoma: an immunologic survival model.

BACKGROUND: Our polyvalent, allogeneic melanoma cell vaccine (MCV) induces immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) class antibodies to a 90-kDa glycoprotein melanoma-associated antigen (MAA). Additionally, MCV induces delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses that we previously correlated with survival. We hypothesized that early DTH responses to MCV and early humoral responses to the 90-kDa MAA expressed on MCV cells may be predictive of overall survival. We tested this hypothesis by monitoring immunologic profiles in 59 patients with melanoma who were receiving MCV after surgical resection of regional lymph node or soft-tissue metastases. METHODS: Blood was drawn before vaccine administration, biweekly for 6 weeks, and then monthly. DTH to MCV was recorded at 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of MCV therapy. Mean antibody titers during the first 6-week interval were calculated. Changes in DTH were calculated as the difference between peak and prevaccine values (delta DTH). RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 75.6 months (range 5-138), univariate analysis assigned prognostic significance to gender (p = 0.046), lymph node involvement (p = 0.024), delta DTH (p = 0.044), mean anti-90-kDa MAA IgG (p = 0.0009), and mean anti-90-kDa MAA IgM (p = 0.0014). In multifactorial analysis, only the three immunologic variables significantly impacted survival (p = 0.046, 0.0005, and 0.0053, respectively). A mathematical model based on delta DTH and mean anti-90-kDa MAA IgG and IgM titers closely approximated the observed individual and overall survival rates. CONCLUSIONS: The correlation between overall survival and initial humoral/cellular immune responses to MCV immunotherapy may be useful in selecting patients most likely to benefit from prolonged adjuvant immunotherapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Local antibody production in the oviduct and gut of hens infected with a variant strain of infectious bronchitis virus.

Following infection of 16-week old specific pathogen-free (SPF) female chickens with an enterotropic variant of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain G, IBV-specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA were detected in tears, tracheal washes, oviduct washes, duodenal and caecal contents using class-specific monoclonal antibodies in enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). IgG antibody content was highest in tears on Day 7 post-infection (p.i.) and was still detectable on Day 23 p.i. Significant levels of IgG antibody were present in oviduct washes on Days 7 and 23 p.i. Tears showed the highest IgA antibody concentration of any sample on Day 7 p.i. but this decreased to an insignificant level by Day 17 p.i. Oviduct and tracheal washes had IgA antibodies on Day 7 p.i. Significant levels of both antibody classes were detected in duodenal contents on Day 17 p.i. only but neither was present in caecal contents. Using a method which compares titre of antibody produced from pieces of tissue at 4 degrees C with that at 37 degrees C as an indicator of local secretion, IgG and IgA antibody synthesis was demonstrated in the Harderian gland on Days 7 and 17 p.i. Local IgG antibody synthesis was seen in the oviduct on Day 7 p.i. but on Day 23 p.i. the optical density at 4 degrees C was higher than at 37 degrees C, suggestive of high concentrations of extracellular antibody. In a separate experiment, passively administered IBV antibody transuded from serum into oviduct washes but did not do so in the trachea. In a third experiment, ELISA and haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titres of serum and oviduct washes from ten hens previously infected when day-old were compared with egg production. Maximum positive correlation was seen between HI titres of oviduct washes and egg production.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Protectotypic differentiation of avian infectious bronchitis viruses using an in vitro challenge model.

Two vaccine and three virulent strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were used to infect day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. Precocious development of oviducts was induced in young female chicks by oestrogen injections. Tracheal and oviduct organ cultures prepared from immunised chickens were challenged in vitro with homologous and heterologous viruses to assess tracheal and oviduct cross-protection. Tracheal cross-protection was seen between serologically related and unrelated viruses. Protection at at the level of the oviducts was lower compared to that seen at the tracheal level. However, the yields of the homologous challenge viruses from immunised oviducts were significantly reduced as compared to yields from normal oviducts. After challenge, tracheal and oviduct ciliary scores were used to group the five strains of IBV into protectotypes. The five viruses could be grouped into three protectotypes and four serotypes. The virulent IBV strains were found to have caused complete stasis of oviduct cilia when examined at three weeks post-infection. Oestrogen treatment of chicks did not significantly alter the lymphocyte proliferation responses to concanavalin A or pokeweed mitogen. The applicability of this model for the study of protection afforded to the oviducts, in terms of protection against virus-induced damage, rather than drop in egg production, is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Regulation of the motility and metabolism of spermatozoa for storage in the epididymis of eutherian and marsupial mammals.

The present review examines the mechanisms involved in sperm storage in the epididymis of therian mammals in terms of the supply of energy substrate and the regulation of motility and metabolism. Lipids, glucose, lactate and glycerol are possible metabolic substrates for sperm in the epididymis, but the role of these is uncertain and it may differ between marsupials and eutherians. Sperm are normally immotile in the epididymis, but ram and rabbit sperm may have an uncoordinated motility. Sperm metabolism is suppressed but is probably not strongly coupled to motility. Work on diluted sperm indicates that cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Ca2+, and pH play roles as intracellular messengers controlling the motility and metabolism of sperm, but no first messenger has been identified. A number of mechanisms of suppressing sperm motility and metabolism in the epididymis are considered, including a collective autoregulation, oxygen tension, osmotic pressure, viscosity and the extracellular concentration of H+, Ca2+, Na+, HCO3- and carnitine. However, there is no conclusive evidence for any of the mechanisms and there is clearly some variation between species in the mechanism of suppressing sperm activity. Sperm activation stimulates motility and a 4-5-fold increase in respiration rate that has not been reversed without compromising viability. Following activation, respiration supported by endogenous and/or exogenous substrates is much higher in marsupial than eutherian sperm, and marsupial sperm do not show a large stimulation of respiration on the addition of exogenous substrate, as is characteristic of most eutherian sperm.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

In vivo microperfusion of the ductuli efferentes testis of the rat: flow dependence of fluid reabsorption.

Individual ducts from the initial zone of the efferent ducts of the rat were microperfused in vivo using a double cannulation procedure, which allowed the recovery of perfused fluids for analysis and determination of the rate of fluid reabsorption from the perfused duct. The ducts were perfused at rates from 0.025 to 0.4 microliters min-1 with either Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (KRB) solution or the native rete testis fluid (nRTF) that perfuses the ducts in situ. Reabsorption of KRB solution increased linearly with a perfusion rate of between 0.025 and 0.1 microliter min-1 (from 17.4 +/- 1.5 to 34.3 +/- 3.2 nl (10 mm duct)-1 min-1), then increased no further. Reabsorption of nRTF increased linearly between 0.025 and 0.2 microliters min-1 (from 17.7 +/- 1.5 to 61.4 +/- 13.5 nl (10 mm duct)-1 min-1) and then declined. The reabsorption rate from nRTF perfusates was significantly higher than from KRB perfusates. As a proportion of the luminal perfusate, reabsorption declined from 73.0 +/- 6.0 to 7.4 +/- 3.0% (10 mm duct)-1 for KRB solution and from 73.1 +/- 6.0 to 4.1 +/- 1.3% (10 mm duct)-1 for nRTF. There was no significant change in the concentration of either Na+ or Cl- in KRB solution or nRTF during perfusion through the efferent ducts, indicating that the reabsorption of these ions was isomolar. However, the reabsorption of K+ from nRTF occurred at a greater rate than that of water, and the initial [K+] declined from 17.2 +/- 0.4 mM in nRTF perfusates to 5.7 +/- 0.5 mM in collectates (perfusion rate, 0.1 microliter min-1) to achieve equilibrium with blood plasma (4.7 +/- 0.4 mM). The osmotic pressure of both KRB and nRTF perfusates equilibrated with blood plasma, indicating a high permeability of the epithelium to water. The results of this study provide further evidence that fluid reabsorption in the efferent ducts is isosmotic, or close to isosmotic, and have shown that, as in the homologous proximal kidney tubule, reabsorption is dependent on luminal flow rate. In contrast to the proximal tubule, however, reabsorption in the efferent ducts is not maintained as a constant proportion of the perfusion load. It is concluded that microperfusion in vivo provides a useful technique for studying fluid reabsorption in the efferent ducts of the rat.

Absorption↗

PubMed1996

Sublabral recess of the superior glenoid labrum: study of cadavers with conventional nonenhanced MR imaging, MR arthrography, anatomic dissection, and limited histologic examination.

PURPOSE: To evaluate size, location, and appearance of the sublabral recess of the superior glenoid labrum, which mimics a superior labral tear oriented in the anterior to posterior direction (SLAP) lesion with conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR arthrography, gross dissection, and limited histologic evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six cadaveric shoulder specimens that were freshly frozen were examined with nonenhanced MR imaging and with MR arthrography after intraarticular injection of dilute contrast material with gadolinium. In all specimens, the appearance of the superior glenolabral junction was categorized and was correlated to that seen at gross anatomic dissection. Histologic sections were obtained of two shoulders with large sublabral recesses in the plane of the MR sections. RESULTS: A sublabral recess was present in 19 (73%) shoulders and was deeper than 2 mm in 10 (39%). MR arthrography better demonstrated the sublabral recess than nonenhanced MR imaging. In 16 of 19 shoulders, the sublabral recess was located in the most anterior section obtained through the superior labrum. There was no definite correlation between subject age and sex and glenolabral junction type. At histologic examination of the two shoulders, a synovial lining of the sublabral recess was seen and there was no evidence of fibrosis to suggest a traumatic cause. CONCLUSION: A sublabral recess is common in cadaveric shoulders and has an appearance similar to that of published examples of SLAP lesions. Histologic findings were consistent with normal anatomic structure rather than with acquired, posttraumatic lesions.

Cadaver↗

PubMed1996

Alpha 3 beta 1 integrin has a crucial role in kidney and lung organogenesis.

A mutation was targeted to the murine alpha3 integrin gene. Homozygous mutant mice survived to birth, but died during the neonatal period. The mutation caused abnormal kidney and lung development. Mutant kidneys displayed decreased branching of the medullary collecting ducts, although the number of nephrons was not altered. Proximal tubules exhibited two distinct subsets of abnormalities, with the epithelial cells either containing excess lysosomes or becoming microcystic. In addition, glomerular development was markedly affected. In mutant kidneys, the extent of branching of glomerular capillary loops was decreased, with capillary lumina being wider than normal. The glomerular basement membrane was disorganized and glomerular podocytes were unable to form mature foot processes. Branching of the bronchi in lungs of mutant mice was also decreased and the large bronchi extended to the periphery. These results indicate a role for integrin receptors in basement membrane organization and branching morphogenesis.

Animals↗