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Biomedical subjects

R C Haggitt

Publications and source records attributed to R C Haggitt.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's colitis. Is differentiation necessary?

Three types of colitis are now recognized. In the late 1950's and early 1960's, 51 per cent of our patients having colectomy had classic chronic ulcerative colitis. Of our patients operated on at that time, 39 per cent had Crohn's colitis and 10 per cent had colitis of indeterminate type. These three types of colitis should be differentiated because of the high risk of cancer of the colon in patients with long-standing chronic ulcerative colitis. We have not seen an increased risk of carcinoma associated with Crohn's colitis. We performed resection with anastomosis in approximately one third of patients with Crohn's colitis, but recurrent disease developed in two thirds. In contrast, recurrent Crohn's disease developed in only 5.7 per cent of patients having colectomy with ileostomy. Toxic megacolon associated with Crohn's colitis has been seen only in the early clinical stage of the disease. From the standpoint of management and prognosis, attempts to differentiate between the two major types of colitis are appropriate. We have outlined some of the basic clinical and pathologic differences between these two types of colitis.

Anus Diseases↗
PubMed1975

Myoepithelioma of minor salivary gland origin. Light and electron microscopical study.

A gingival tumor that invaded the anterior maxilla was removed from a 14-year-old boy and studied by light and electron microscopy. The tumor was composed exclusively of myoepithelial cells and appeared to be malignant. By light microscopy, the tumor appeared to be a poorly differentiated epithelial neoplasm of undetermined origin; however, electron microscopical examination showed myoepithelial differentiation, indicative of a salivary gland origin. To our knowledge, the present case represents the only confirmed myoepithelioma that shows features indicative of malignant potential. Myoepitheliomas may be related to mixed tumors of salivary glands.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphological consequences of bisacodyl on normal human rectal mucosa: effect of a prostaglandin E1 analog on mucosal injury.

Bisacodyl causes acute injury to the human rectal mucosa. Our objectives were to test whether pretreating the human rectum with an enema of 400 micrograms of a prostaglandin E1 analog (misoprostol) would ameliorate the mucosal injury provoked by an enema of 10 mg of bisacodyl, and to follow the evolution of the bisacodyl-induced injury in normal volunteers. Mucosal biopsies were taken 10 cm from the anus with an endoscopic forceps through a straight sigmoidoscope. Histological sections were interpreted blindly. In a preliminary experiment without bisacodyl, biopsies obtained from six subjects after misoprostol administration were indistinguishable from those taken from another six subjects after enemas of saline. In a parallel treatment experiment involving 30 subjects, all subjects sustained injury to the superficial epithelium and upper third of the crypt within 30 min after bisacodyl. Pretreatment with misoprostol also failed to prevent deeper injury to the lower third of colonic crypts. In a cross-over trial, a subset of four volunteers had biopsies at five different intervals after an enema of bisacodyl or saline. For up to 30 hours after bisacodyl, there was histological evidence of mild inflammation. Bisacodyl-induced colitis might confound the assessment of patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a subchronic (13-week) oral toxicity study, preceded by an in utero exposure phase, with arachidonic acid oil derived from Mortierella alpina in rats.

Arachidonic acid oil (ARA-oil) derived from the fungus Mortierella alpina for use in infant nutrition was tested in a subchronic (13-week) oral toxicity study in rats, preceded by an in utero exposure phase. The ARA-oil was administered as admixture to the rodent diet at dose levels of 3000 ppm, 15,000 ppm and 75,000 ppm. An additional high-dose group received 75,000 ppm ARA-oil in combination with 55,000 ppm fish oil containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), at a ratio of ARA to DHA, comparable to the ratio in mother's milk of 2:1. The total levels of fat in each diet were kept constant by adding the appropriate amounts of corn oil. A concurrent control group received 130,000 ppm corn oil in the diet. An additional carrier control group was fed unsupplemented rodent diet. Administration of the test substances from 4 weeks prior to mating, throughout mating, gestation, lactation of parental (F(0)) animals and weaning of the F(1) pups did not affect fertility or reproductive performance, nor the general condition of pups, viability, sex ratio or number of pups. Pup weight gain in the ARA/DHA-oil group was lower than the controls administered equal amounts of corn oil. In the subsequent subchronic study survival, clinical signs, body weight gain and food consumption were not adversely affected by the test substances. Ophthalmoscopic examination did not reveal any treatment-related changes. There were no treatment-related effects observed up to dietary test substance concentrations of 15,000 ppm. The following statistically significant differences were found in the ARA high-dose group and /or in the ARA/DHA group compared to the corn oil control group: decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, decreases in cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids concentrations, increased creatinine and urea concentrations. Furthermore, these groups showed increased adrenal, spleen and liver weights. The incidence of hepatocellular vacuolation was increased in females of the ARA high-dose group and the ARA/DHA group. Oil droplets were observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes and in the intestinal villi in the ARA high-dose group and the ARA/DHA group. In addition, lipogranulomas were observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes in these groups. The observed changes in the high-dose groups may be effects of the high intake of high-fat levels, rather than specific effects of the ARA-oil. The no-observed-effect level in this study was placed at 15,000 ppm ARA-oil. This level is equivalent to approximately 970mg ARA-oil/kg body weight/day.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastroduodenal endoscopic-histologic correlation in pediatric patients.

The histopathologic abnormalities in endoscopic biopsies from the stomach and duodenal bulb were correlated with the visual findings of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in 94 children (mean age, 8.4 years; 51 boys and 43 girls) with a variety of complaints. Histology was graded by observers blinded to the endoscopic findings, and both endoscopy and histology were graded using scales reflecting increasing severity with increasing grade. In all three locations studied (gastric body, antrum, and duodenal bulb), endoscopic grade was significantly higher than the histologic grade. Correlation was especially poor with mild endoscopic findings such as erythema and granularity/nodularity, which had little predictive value for histologic inflammation. Few patients had severe disease with eight of 94 having ulcer by endoscopy and seven of 94 having greater than grade 2 histologic disease in any location. We conclude that endoscopy without biopsy should not be used to diagnose gastroduodenal inflammation in pediatric patients.

Adolescent↗