Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Byrd

Publications and source records attributed to R Byrd.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Experience using two CT-guided stereotactic biopsy methods.

15 patients had intracranial CT-guided stereotactic biopsies. Biopsies were performed either with a Riechert-Mundinger stereotactic frame modified for use in the CT or by using the CT scan to establish the relationship of the intracranial lesion to identifiable bony landmarks, and subsequently performing the biopsy in a standard stereotactic frame. Both systems provided safe and accurate methods for obtaining intracranial tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Useful triad for diagnosing the cause of chest pain.

In a series of 127 consecutive patients operated on for thoracic outlet syndrome and 100 consecutive patients who had antireflux operations for reflux esophagitis, we found a high incidence of association between thoracic outlet syndrome, reflux esophagitis, and cardiovascular disease. In the group of patients with thoracic outlet syndrome, 35.4% had reflux esophagitis and 26%, cardiovascular disease. Of the patients operated on for reflux esophagitis, 38% were found to also have thoracic outlet syndrome and 39%, cardiovascular disease. While cardiovascular diseases have by far the most serious consequences for patients with chest pain, the high incidence of association between cardiovascular diseases, reflux esophagitis, and thoracic outlet syndrome comprises a triad helpful for the etiologic diagnosis of chest pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Hiatal hernia and pulmonary function impairment: incidence or coincidence?

The high incidence of respiratory symptoms in patients with reflux esophagitis reported in the literature supports a cause-effect relationship between esophageal reflux and pulmonary symptoms. Analysis of the results of routine preoperative pulmonary function tests on 90 patients with reflux esophagitis and on 277 patients having nonthoracic elective surgery revealed that although the incidence of obstructive lung disease was high in both groups, it was higher in the general surgical population (51.9%) than in the patients with reflux esophagitis (37.7%). Thus a cause-and-effect relationship cannot be established between reflux esophagitis and obstructive lung impairment. This study indicates that the incidence of significant obstructive lung impairment in the general surgical population is greatly underestimated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Pulmonary function tests in a community hospital.

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of obstructive lung disease in a surgical population. Screening spirometric pulmonary function tests were performed in 300 consecutive ambulatory patients in a community hospital. A high incidence of moderate to very severe chronic obstructive lung disease was found, 66% of smokers and 38% of nonsmokers. The incidence of chronic obstructive lung disease is underestimated. The costs of this disease are staggering in terms of money and manpower, and there is great need for screening pulmonary function testing to promote early diagnosis. The community hospital appears to be the ideal environment in which to make an early diagnosis and initiate measures to attempt to change the natural history of chronic obstructive lung disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Endurance training and cardiovascular function in 9-and 10-year-old boys.

Thirty-two boys, 9 and 10 years old, were randomly divided into experimental and control groups in order to investigate cardiovascular responses to interval cycle training. The experimental group exercised on a cycle ergometer 5 days a week during their physical education periods. There were 4 work bouts of 4 minutes each, separated by 3-minute recovery intervals each day for 8 weeks. Loads were prescribed so that heart rates ranged from 170 to 195 for each bout (80--90% estimated maximum). The control group took part in a traditional sports-oriented physical education period during this time. Pretest steady-state values at HR130 were determined for oxygen consumption, heart rate, and cardiac output, after which the load was progressively increased to determine physical work capacity at heart rate 170. The tests were repeated after the 8-week training period, at work loads identical to pretest values. Analysis of covariance revealed that significant improvements in the experimental group occurred in stroke volume and oxygen pulse. The 6.5% increase in stroke volume was countered by a 6.8% decrease in heart rate, resulting in no differences in cardiac output. Increases in physical work capacity occurred in each group, but only that of the experimental group was significant. No differences were detected for either group in steady state oxygen consumption or calculated arteriovenous oxygen difference. It was concluded that children of this age level adapt readily to cardiovascular stress. It was suggested that if improvement in cardiovascular fitness is considered to be a valid goal of physical education, then the traditional sports and games should be supplemented by training procedures designed specifically for endurance.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1975

The Jewish Hospital of St. Louis therapeutic grand rounds number 10. Chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis.

Isoniazid therapy has been proved an effective means of preventing overt clinical tuberculosis in persons with positive tuberculin skin tests, persons who are close contacts of active cases, and persons with inactive tuberculosis that were never treated. The administration of isoniazid in standard dosage for one year in these situations will help greatly to reduce tuberculosis as a community health problem in the future. Studies in recent years, however, point to hepatic dysfunction as a complication of isoniazid therapy in up to 10% of patients. In a few patients, liver disease as a complication of this therapy has been fatal. The likelihood of this complication increases with age. Accordingly, isoniazid chemoprophylaxis should be undertaken with the understanding that the patient has to be followed up closely, especially for evidence of liver disease during the course of therapy. This potentially serious side effect suggests that isoniazid chemoprophylaxis should be used primarily with patients in high risk groups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electrocautery and patients with implanted cardiac devices.

Implanted cardiac devices, pacemakers, and automatic cardioverter/defibrillators are becoming more common in the general population. There are more than one-half million persons with pacemakers living in North America, and approximately 20,000 patients have received automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillators. As pacemaker and defibrillator patients experience common gastrointestinal afflictions, it is likely that more will require endoscopic procedures. Appropriate precautions must be undertaken during electrosurgical procedures in order to avoid damage and interruption of pacemaker/defibrillator devices. Through careful assessment, intervention, and discharge planning, the GI nurse and associate can reduce electrosurgical risks to the gastrointestinal patient with an implanted cardiac device. Specific recommendations for preprocedure patient assessment and intraprocedure interventions are discussed, and an actual case is presented to illustrate a successful plan of care.

Aged↗