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Biomedical subjects

R Bye

Publications and source records attributed to R Bye.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Clinical and metabolic efficacy of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition improves nitrogen retention and reduces hospital morbidity compared with standard parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING: University teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Forty-five adults receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplants for hematologic malignancies. INTERVENTION: Parenteral nutrition was initiated the day after bone marrow transplantation (day 1). The experimental solution was supplemented with L-glutamine (0.57 g/kg body weight per day) and provided estimated requirements for energy and protein. The control solution was a standard, glutamine-free, isonitrogenous, isocaloric formula. MEASUREMENTS: Nitrogen balance was determined between days 4 and 11 in the initial 23 patients. The incidence of clinical infection and microbial colonization, time until bone marrow engraftment, indices of clinical care, and other data related to hospital morbidity were recorded for all patients. RESULTS: The glutamine-supplemented patients (n = 24) were clinically similar to the controls (n = 21) at entry. Nutrient intake was similar in both groups; however, nitrogen balance was improved in the glutamine-supplemented patients relative to the controls (-1.4 +/- 0.5 g/d compared with -4.2 +/- 1.2; P = 0.002). Fewer experimental patients developed clinical infection (three compared with nine in the control group; P = 0.041), and the incidence of microbial colonization was also significantly reduced. Hospital stay was shortened in patients receiving glutamine supplementation (29 +/- 1 d compared with 36 +/- 2 d; P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Patients receiving glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation had improved nitrogen balance, a diminished incidence of clinical infection, lower rates of microbial colonization, and shortened hospital stay compared with patients receiving standard parenteral nutrition. These effects occurred despite no differences between groups in the incidence of fever, antibiotic requirements, or time to neutrophil engraftment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Intestinal activity visualized on radionuclide cisternography in patients with cerebrospinal fluid leak.

Several methods are used in conjunction with radionuclide cisternography for detecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea or otorrhea, including positioning of the patient to induce drainage, placing cotton pledgets in the nostrils and ears for scintillation counting, and increasing the CSF pressure within the subarachnoid space. Presented here are three surgically proven cases of CSF leak where intestinal activity was detected at different intervals following the lumbar intrathecal administration of indium-111-DTPA for radionuclide cisternography. We recommend the addition of an abdominal image during radionuclide cisternography for CSF liquorrhea.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The polyposis project].

A research project initiated in 1978 comprised establishment of a national polyposis registry, a genetic linkage study using classical and DNA markers, an in vitro study of fibroblasts for transformation parameters and chromosome instability, and a comparative study of DNA-RFLPs in cancer and constitutional tissue. The linkage study (to be reported elsewhere) confirmed the recently reported close linkage between the polyposis gene locus APC and D5S71. No in vitro test for the presence of the APC gene has been confirmed or revealed, but we detected increased chromosomal instability on a statistical basis and also recorded abnormal DNA-repair. As per 1. January 1988 the prevalence of adenomatosis of colon and rectum in Norway was 1/43,500. Among patients born in the period 1931-1950 the incidence at birth of developing the disease is 1/20,000 and the mutation rate is 1/72,000 per gamete per generation. In Norway new mutants in healthy families will comprise 1/3-1/2 of all new cases in the coming two decades, or one of 36,000 births.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perception of service needs by parents with intellectual disability, their significant others and their service workers.

It is well recognized in the literature that parents with intellectual disability require support and social services. There is growing interest in these services being responsive to parent-identified concerns, particularly as it has been suggested that parents' concerns may differ from those reported by service workers, family members, or friends. In the Australian study reported here, the views of parents with intellectual disability, their significant others and service workers were sought on parents' service needs on 20 items incorporating child care, social and community living, and domestic skills. There were significant differences in the perceptions of the parents, workers, and significant others on the help parents needed. Several gaps in services were also identified. From the parents' perspective, their greatest unmet needs were in the community participation area, specifically with help to explore work options, to know what community services are available and how to access these, and to meet people and make friends.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patients receiving glutamine-supplemented intravenous feedings report an improvement in mood.

Nutritional effects have traditionally focused on outcomes, such as nitrogen balance, wound healing, or muscle strength. Little emphasis has been placed on how biochemical or physical improvements translate into functional changes as perceived by the patient. Because glutamine (GLN)-supplemented nutrition promotes protein synthesis and improves nitrogen balance, we assessed the mood of individuals participating in a randomized controlled blinded trial receiving GLN solutions. Patients (n = 23) undergoing marrow transplantation were randomized by the research pharmacist to receive either standard total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (control) or GLN-containing TPN (40 g of glutamine total). The solutions were isocaloric and isonitrogenous and were administered until the patient was eating 50% of estimated requirements. Before TPN and on admission to the hospital, the patient completed the Profile of Mood States questionnaire, a standardized test quantifying the degree of tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, and confusion. The patient completed the questionnaire again at the end of TPN near discharge. The tests were scored and the change from baseline for each mood for both groups of patients was calculated at the completion of TPN. The scores for vigor in the control group (delta scores) decreased over the course of hospitalization as would be expected with a serious illness. The group receiving glutamine TPN, however, essentially showed little change in vigor from baseline and the delta score was significantly different from the control group (delta vigor score -0.85 +/- 2.1 in the glutamine group vs. -5.90 +/- 1.7 in the control group; p = .07).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗