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Biomedical subjects

R Budd

Publications and source records attributed to R Budd.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Coping with anxiety and panic: a factor analytic study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the coping styles that agoraphobia sufferers adopt when attempting to cope with symptoms of anxiety and panic. It aimed to extend Watts's (1989) Coping with Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ) by including items to assess self-vigilance. It was hypothesized that agoraphobia sufferers would adopt consistent coping styles that would be related to symptom severity. DESIGN: A factor analysis was performed on questionnaire data. METHOD: A postal questionnaire was completed by members (N = 112) of a self-help group for agoraphobia and panic sufferers. All participants completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, an Agoraphobia Severity Scale and a slightly modified version of the CAQ. Coping styles were identified via factor analysis of the CAQ items. RESULTS: Three coping styles were identified, which were labelled Effective Coping, Avoidant Coping and Self-vigilance. The latter two coping styles were found to be correlated with increased levels of agoraphobic symptomatology and with higher levels of anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The present results support the previous research on coping tactics in anxiety and are compatible with cognitive therapy accounts of the role of self-vigilance in anxiety disorders.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Radioprotection by DNA ligands.

Molecular studies on the mechanism of radioprotection by Hoechst 33342 have suggested that radioprotective activity might be improved by addition of electron-donating substituents to the ligand. This paper reports the results of experiments with proamine, in which the ethoxy group of Hoechst 33342 has been replaced with a dimethylamino group. Clonogenic survival studies with V79 cells confirmed the expectation of increased radioprotective activity of proamine. Also, proamine is less cytotoxic than Hoechst 33342, which further improves the extent of achievable radioprotection. The more general features of DNA-binding radioprotectors are also discussed in terms of their potential use in cancer radiotherapy. In particular it is proposed that the limited penetration of the compounds through cell layers might enable delivery to epithelial tissues by topical application, with limited access to the tumour via systemic uptake. In this context, the question of whether sufficient concentrations of such radioprotectors can be achieved in vivo has been addressed by experiments with the mouse lung model. In control animals, the ED50 for lethal loss of respiratory function at 16 weeks after irradiation was 19 Gy (single dose). Intravenous injection of Hoechst 33342 before irradiation extended the ED50 to 23 Gy.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Comparative evaluation of three end-tidal CO2 monitors used during air medical transport.

The purpose of this investigation on ETCO2 monitoring was to determine if the monitors would function effectively in the aircraft. When compared in a cumulative manner, little difference between the three monitors was noted. The ETCO2 monitor appears to function in the fixed-wing aircraft when transporting critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients. Although this study does not address the accuracy of the ETCO2 monitor during changes in altitude, a base-line reading can be established during flight. Light weight, small size and extended battery life appear to be the criteria most lacking in these three capnographs reviewed in this study. This study demonstrates the compatibility of three capnographs with the aircraft environment. Manufacturers will hopefully continue to develop ETCO2 monitors to meet the space and weight needs of flight personnel in the difficult conditions of the air medical environment.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1992

Burns associated with the use of microwave ovens.

This article reviews published reports of conventional and radiation burns associated with the use of microwave ovens. Conventional food burns can result from the ingestion of microwave heated food because consumers may overlook the differential temperature gradients within foods and between the food and the container. There are reports of accidental radiation injury associated with the use of microwave ovens, but they are difficult to evaluate because these reports lack definitive clinical data and verification of the actual radiation exposures. Only one study has provided useful insight into the clinical features of microwave radiation burns compared to conventional burns.

Burns↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of two treatment interventions aimed at lowering anxiety levels and alcohol consumption amongst alcohol abusers.

This study compared the differential efficacy of anxiety management and relaxation training - with respect to their impact on anxiety levels and alcohol consumption amongst people attending an Alcohol Treatment Unit. It was hypothesised that anxiety management would have a greater effect on the outcome measures than would relaxation training and that the effect on alcohol consumption would be moderated by changes in the clients' perceptions of their ability to control their drinking. The two treatment groups were found to significantly reduce self-reported anxiety with the anxiety management group being more effective than relaxation training. They had no impact on alcohol consumption.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Contrast sensitivity versus static visual field testing during experimental elevation of intraocular pressure.

Contrast sensitivity testing has been recommended as a more sensitive indicator of early visual loss than visual field testing. Using gravity inversion to induce an intraocular pressure rise, we performed contrast sensitivity testing on each eye of 10 normal subjects in the upright and inverted positions. Contrast sensitivity results were not altered in the head-down position, even though in 5 of the 10 subjects (7 of 20 eyes), visual field alterations on static perimetry were elicited during inversion. In both of these evaluations, the subject's results in the upright position served as the control, freeing us from reliance upon age-matched populations. We conclude that precise measurement of static thresholds with automated perimetry is more sensitive than routine contrast sensitivity testing in detecting visual dysfunction related to transient acute elevations of intraocular pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Exploring the use and non-use of marijuana as reasoned actions: an application of Fishbein and Ajzen's methodology.

Fishbein and Ajzen's methodology can predict behaviour on the basis of questionnaire measures of attitudes toward the specific act and the subjective norms with respect to that behaviour which the individual experiences. In the present study this methodology was used to differentiate between the non-users, experimenters, occasional users and regular users of marijuana in a student population. It is argued that Fishbein's approach enables each of these groups' behaviour to be seen as a reasoned action; also discriminant analysis shows how particular evaluative beliefs and social norms interact to predict and explain the individual's drug-user status.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patterns of drug use among methadone maintenance patients in Los Angeles county.

Any evaluation of the effectiveness of methadone maintenance programmes in rehabilitating heroin addicts is inherently complex and subject to varied interpretations, both scientific and philosophical. From a scientific perspective, it is necessary to accumulate sufficient factual data to validate any hypothetical conclusions. A retrospective survey of drug-use patterns among the methadone maintenance population of Los Angeles County was undertaken in an effort to provide some such information. Over 5,000 urine samples from 730 paitients were analysed for eleven drugs over a two-month period in 1975. Over 23 per cent of these samples were found positive for a drug other than methadone and 80 per cent of these positives were attributed to illicitly used drugs. The opiates (codeine and morphine) comprised almost 74 per cent of the drugs found while barbiturates and amphetamine and/or methamphetamine contributed 16 per cent and 10 per cent to the total, respectively.

Adult↗