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Biomedical subjects

R Bryson

Publications and source records attributed to R Bryson.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Addressing the dual-use of antifungals and fungal antimicrobial resistance (fAMR) through a One Health approach.

Fungal antimicrobial resistance (fAMR) is accelerating, driven in part by the dual-use of antifungal modes of action in agriculture and medicine, threatening therapy. Addressing this challenge requires a unified One Health response that balances agricultural productivity, economic stability, and human and animal health. By focusing on the United Kingdom's policy approach, we argue that current efforts are constrained by fragmented governance, surveillance and regulation. To resolve this, we propose three policy recommendations: 1. a cross-government fAMR body, 2. mandatory environmental and clinical surveillance, and 3. for fungicide approvals to look beyond crop pathogens and integrate risk assessments for potential hotspots of resistance selection in human fungal pathogens. These measures will safeguard current and future antifungals while providing much-needed regulatory clarity and will be translatable to other national and regional contexts.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Effectiveness of refusal skills software.

This research explores the potential of making social skills training more accessible to schools by the use of computer-aided instruction. An easy-to-use software program called Refusal Challenges, which targets important social skills with effective training methods, was tested. The dependent measure was demonstration of refusal skills strategies. One-hundred-eighty-eight male and female eighth-grade students were stratified according to pre-treatment refusal skill level, gender, and teacher. They were then randomly assigned from the stratified blocks to either the computer-based refusal skills training group or a control group. Repeated measures analyses of variance indicated a significant and meaningful time by treatment interaction for refusal skills scores. The difference between treatment and control groups remained significant and meaningful at both the post-test and follow-up testing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

EtOH self-administration in anticipation of noise stress in C57BL/6J mice.

C57BL/6J mice were studied for self-administration of ethanol (EtOH) during a signal period that preceded delivery of an environmental stressor (noise) in the home cage. Animals were given 5 weeks of conditioning in which a 5-min period of 75-dB pulsed noise (SIGNAL) preceded a 20-min period of more intense, 90-dB pulsed noise (NOISE) five times daily. EtOH (10% w/v) was then provided in a choice procedure, and drink tube contacts were monitored by computer. Mice that had received the 5 weeks of SIGNAL and NOISE pairings showed an increase in EtOH-seeking behavior, as reflected in EtOH tube contacts during the SIGNAL period. The increase was significant as compared to contacts during baseline or QUIET periods and also as compared to contacts during the same period for control (Ctrl) mice that had received only the 75-dB SIGNAL during conditioning. A subsequent test for passive avoidance confirmed that the 75-dB SIGNAL was aversive for mice that had received noise conditioning but not for Ctrl mice. In sum, the results were in accord with a priori predictions that mice would not show increased EtOH tube contacts during occurrence of intense noise itself but would show increased contacts during the signal that preceded noise. These results were interpreted as preliminary evidence that C57BL/6J mice show self-administration of EtOH in anticipation of an environmental stressor.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of exercise on ethanol-induced hypothermia and loss of righting response in C57BL/6J mice.

C57BL/6J mice were given 5 weeks of voluntary wheel running and then studied for ethanol (EtOH) sensitivity as indicated by EtOH-induced hypothermia and loss of righting response (LORR) after 3.8 g/kg EtOH (20% w/v). Mice were assigned to wheel (free access to a running wheel in the home cage) or no wheel conditions, and wheel counts were monitored by a computer at 5-min intervals around the clock. In Experiment 1, duration of EtOH-induced LORR was assessed as amount of time required for the animal to right itself three times in a 30-s period, and body temperature was assessed by rectal probe. Wheel animals showed significantly shorter LORR and significantly less hypothermia at regaining the righting response than no wheel controls. In Experiment 2, temperature was assessed at 45 and 90 min after EtOH challenge. Baseline temperatures for wheel and no wheel animals did not differ, but wheel animals showed dramatic resistance to EtOH-induced hypothermia at both time points. Together with our earlier work, these results provide evidence that prior exercise can offset the effects of EtOH intoxication in several domains of EtOH sensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Voluntary wheel running reduced the effects of acute ethanol on activity and avoidance in C57BL/6J mice.

C57BL/6J mice were given five weeks of voluntary wheel running and then studied for behavioral impairment after an intoxicating dose of ethanol. Forty-four mice, 22 males and 22 females, were assigned to Wheel (free access to a running wheel in the home cage) or No Wheel conditions. At the end of the training period, animals were removed from the exercise cages and tested for noise avoidance after 2.4 g/kg ethanol (EtOH) or physiological saline (Sal). Mice could avoid 87.5-dB noise by entering and remaining in a randomly designated "safe corner." In unexercised animals, EtOH caused a strong suppression of locomotor activity and avoidance behavior: No Wheel EtOH mice differed significantly from No Wheel Sal mice on both measures. In exercised animals, EtOH failed to cause significant suppression: Wheel EtOH animals did not differ significantly from Wheel Sal animals on either measure. The present results suggest that prior exercise training may be effective in offsetting the effects of acute ethanol intoxication.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1990

NCCDN omission.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Certification↗
PubMed1985

Effects of chronically administered nicotine and saline on motor activity in rats.

This study investigated the differential effects of chronically administered nicotine and saline on motor activity in the rat. Nicotine was administered via a subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipump to effect an 8 hour off, 16 hour on, flow. Subjects were 48 male and 48 female albino rats, each about 165 days old. Activity was monitored every hour for 192 consecutive hours. Results indicated that the female animals were more active than the males, and that animals receiving nicotine were significantly more active on the first two days of drug administration than control animals; however, by the fourth day there were no significant differences between the activity levels of animals that received nicotine and those of control animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of sex and castration on nicotine-induced activity responses.

The nature of the short-term interactions between nicotine and sex hormones in affecting activity remain unclear. The present study was an investigation of these effects. Three levels of nicotine injection--0.0 (saline control), 0.2 mg/kg body weight, and 0.4 mg/kg body weight-were given to male, female, and castrated Sprague-Dawley albino rats. Activity was measured when the animals were 6 weeks and 12 weeks old. Nicotine produced an initial depression of activity relative to the saline control levels, and a later activation which peaked at 40 to 60 minutes. The biphasic effect was most striking in female animals, but the forms of the curves relating activity to time in all groups were quite similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of nicotine on weight change and food consumption in rats.

The present study was designed to test the effects of nicotine and nicotine withdrawal on weight change and food consumption in rats. Twelve male and 12 female three month old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three treatment groups: 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg nicotine/kg body wt. Half were given subcutaneous nicotine treatment for three weeks and then saline for three weeks; treatment sequence was reversed for the other half. Injections were administered three times daily throughout the experimental period. Prior to treatment, baseline measures were established for both food consumption and weight. Mean differences in weight change were calculated on a weekly basis throughout the experiment. Overall tests indicated that nicotine withdrawal produced significant (p less than 0.05) weight gains and nicotine administration produced inhibition of weight gain. A significant sex X drug X time interaction (p less than 0.05) demonstrated that food consumption increased when nicotine was discontinued and decreased when nicotine was administered. Specific comparison tests showed these effects on food consumption and weight were strongest at the 0.6 level and that larger effects were obtained for males than for females.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effects of nicotine on two types of motor activity in rats.

Effects of injections of two doses of nicotine (o.2 and 0.4 mg/kg body wt) were tested on general activity (in a photocell chamber) and on locomotor activity (in an activity wheel) in male and female rats of two ages (40 and 90 days). Behavior was monitored under light and dark conditions at 15, 30, and 45 min post-injection over a period of 12 days. A general excitatory effect of nicotine was observed in the photocell chamber, with the high dosage greatly increasing activity for younger and female animals. In the activity wheel an initial depressant effect was observed followed by excitation at the lower dose. no evidence for tolerance or difference between light and dark test conditions was found.

Age Factors↗