Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Brown

Publications and source records attributed to R Brown.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Alprazolam, propranolol, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks.

Fifty-five patients completed a 5-week double-blind study comparing alprazolam, propranolol, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks. There was no concomitant behavioral treatment. Patient and therapist rating scales included Sheehan's Panic and Anxiety Attack Scales, the Marks-Sheehan Phobia Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale, and the Side Effects Checklist. The results generally support the efficacy of alprazolam, but not propranolol, in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks. The significance of the results are discussed, as well as a number of the unique aspects of our procedures and patient population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Transcranial Doppler arteriography--a technical note.

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) evaluation of the intracranial vessels was performed in sixty-six patients, 51 of whom received conventional angiography either prior to or subsequent to the ultrasonic arteriogram. Of the 14 patients evaluated for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), TCD indicated the existence of the AVM in 10 cases. Of those 10 cases, 9 correlated with angiography. Twenty-one patients with aneurysms were evaluated with TCD and only 2 were detected. Twenty-three patients suspected of having ischemic disease were evaluated with TCD, which indicated the presence of stenosis in 21 patients. Twenty of those patients received conventional angiography, with 18 demonstrating significant stenosis.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence, intensity and ocular manifestations of Onchocerca volvulus infection in Dimbelenge, Zaire.

In the zone of Dimbelenge (West Kasai region), Zaire we studied the prevalence, intensity and ocular manifestations of Onchocerca volvulus infection. We used the cluster sampling method to draw a sample of 327 people from a total population of 17,870. The prevalence of microfilaria in skin snips was 82.1% in people 20 years of age and older. The Community Microfilarial Load was 3.5. Blindness in 12 of 13 adults (92.3%) was caused by onchocerciasis. The rate of onchocercal blindness in the adult population was 5.1%. Twenty-four percent of adults had retinal changes as a result of onchocercal infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Insulin-regulatable tissues express a unique insulin-sensitive glucose transport protein.

At least three different glucose transport systems exist in mammalian cells. These are: (1) the constitutively active, facilitative carrier characteristic of human erythrocytes, Hep G2 (ref. 2) cells and rat brain; (2) the Na-dependent active transporter of kidney and small intestine; and (3) the facilitative carrier of rat liver (B. Thorens and H. F. Lodish, personal communication). A fourth possible glucose transport system is the insulin-dependent carrier that may be specific to muscle and adipose tissue. This transporter resides primarily in an intracellular compartment in resting cells from where it translocates to the cell surface upon cellular insulin exposure. This raises the question of whether hormonal regulation of glucose transport is conferred by virtue of a tissue-specific signalling mechanism or a tissue-specific glucose transporter. Here we present data supporting the latter concept based upon a monoclonal antibody against the fat cell glucose transporter that identifies a unique, insulin-regulatable glucose transport protein in muscle and adipose tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1988

Homologous alpha satellite sequences on human acrocentric chromosomes with selectivity for chromosomes 13, 14 and 21: implications for recombination between nonhomologues and Robertsonian translocations.

We report a new subfamily of alpha satellite DNA (pTRA-2) which is found on all the human acrocentric chromosomes. The alphoid nature of the cloned DNA was established by partial sequencing. Southern analysis of restriction enzyme-digested DNA fragments from mouse/human hybrid cells containing only human chromosome 21 showed that the predominant higher-order repeating unit for pTRA-2 is a 3.9 kb structure. Analysis of a "consensus" in situ hybridisation profile derived from 13 normal individuals revealed the localisation of 73% of all centromeric autoradiographic grains over the five acrocentric chromosomes, with the following distribution: 20.4%, 21.5%, 17.1%, 7.3% and 6.5% on chromosomes 13, 14, 21, 15 and 22 respectively. An average of 1.4% of grains was found on the centromere of each of the remaining 19 nonacrocentric chromosomes. These results indicate the presence of a common subfamily of alpha satellite DNA on the five acrocentric chromosomes and suggest an evolutionary process consistent with recombination exchange of sequences between the nonhomologues. The results further suggests that such exchanges are more selective for chromosomes 13, 14 and 21 than for chromosomes 15 and 22. The possible role of centromeric alpha satellite DNA in the aetiology of 13q14q and 14q21q Robertsonian translocations involving the common and nonrandom association of chromosomes 13 and 14, and 14 and 21 is discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Herpes simplex lymphangitis. Two cases and a review of the literature.

Lymphangitis and lymphedema are rarely reported complications of herpetic hand or genital infection. The natural history of these complications is gradual resolution over 14 to 21 days. Recognition of this presentation of herpes infection avoids unnecessary surgery and antibacterial therapy. Antiviral therapy may have a role in shortening the duration of symptoms and aborting recurrent lymphangitic episodes.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1988

Multiple myeloma: relationship between light chain isotype suppression, labelling index of plasma cells, and CD38 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes.

In this study we have investigated the relationship between the labelling index of plasma cells, the expression of CD38 positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, and light chain isotype suppression. This study confirms the relationship between plateau-phase disease and light chain isotype suppression (LCIS) and documents an inverse relationship between LCIS and CD38 positive lymphocytes (.001 less than P less than .01), which is similar to the relationship we have described with the expression of CD10 positive lymphocytes. PCA-1 is rarely expressed in the peripheral blood of patients with myeloma and does not fulfill a role as a marker of active vs. stable disease. There is no relationship between the labelling index of plasma cells and LCIS, because many patients can enter a stage of progressive disease and yet have a labelling index of less than 1% at that time, although a labelling index less than 1% is present in the majority of patients with LCIS. beta-2-microglobulin (beta 2M) also fails to differentiate these two phases of disease in myeloma and does not have a relationship with LCIS, CD38 expression, or CD10 expression. These data suggest that myeloma, like chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), can be considered as having two phases of disease: a stable or chronic phase disease, as identified by the presence of LCIS, the absence of CD10 and CD38 positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, and a low labelling index, and progressive disease, which is associated with the loss of LCIS and of, CD10 and CD38 positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and a high labelling index, although in many cases of progressive disease, the labelling index may also be low. beta 2M does not differentiate between these states.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
PubMed1988

Isolation of human chromosome 21 sequences and their application to in situ hybridization.

We report the isolation of 50 independent unique sequences from a human chromosome 21 library (identification code LA21 NSO1). These sequences were individually assigned to chromosome 21 using a mouse-human somatic hybrid cell line, WAVR 4d-F94a. Use of these unique clones as a mixture of probes for in situ hybridization of human metaphase chromosomes demonstrated strong signals on chromosome 21. These unique DNA sequences should provide useful tools for structural and functional analysis of human chromosome 21. The use of these sequences for the detection of Down syndrome is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Adolescent female prostitutes.

The characteristics and functioning of adolescent female prostitutes were studied with nonprostitute delinquents and normal female adolescents constituting the control groups. All subjects were administered psychometric instruments and a life-history inventory. The most salient finding was that the adolescents displayed greater psychopathology as assessed by all of the Mini-Mult clinical scales. Other findings include that prostitutes exhibit a more negative attitude toward men and are more likely to have been in a special education class.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Activation of Ha-ras in human chronic granulocytic and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia.

DNAs from chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) were assayed for transforming genes by transfection into NIH 3T3 cells. Foci DNA was tagged with a geneticin-resistance cosmid, then followed through a drug selection and tumorigenicity assay. Activated Ha-ras genes, with point mutations at codon 12 (glycine to valine) were subsequently detected. The mutation was detected in the original samples by either MspI/HpaII digestion or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although mutations in the ras gene family may occur frequently in leukaemias, these are the first examples of Ha-ras mutations in CGL (blast crisis) and CMML.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Autochthonous intestinal bacteria and coprophagy: a possible contribution to the ontogeny and rhythmicity of slow wave sleep in mammals.

A sleep-inducing substance Factor S (FS) has been identified as a member of the muramyl peptide family of molecules which constitute the cell wall of bacteria. FS-like substances are unable to be synthesized by mammals suggesting that the symbiotic bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract are a prime source of FS. The present paper considers the relationship between the ontogenesis of Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) and the colonization of the intestine with strictly anaerobic bacteria. The practice of coprophagy in rats and rabbits is considered as an efficient method of FS ingestion during the sleep period.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1988

The blood-retinal barrier in angioid streaks.

The blood retinal barrier was investigated in a group of patients with angioid streaks and pseudoxanthoma elasticum, using the technique of vitreous fluorophotometry. Angioid streaks are breaks in the elastic layer of Bruch's membrane with atrophy of the adjacent pigment epithelium. The retinal pigment epithelial cells and their intercellular junctions form part of the blood retinal barrier. In this study, it was found that despite the presence of angioid streaks and extensive areas of pigment epithelial atrophy the blood retinal barrier was intact. In contrast, when disciform degeneration had occurred the blood retinal barrier was abnormal. It is proposed that vitreous fluorophotometry could be used to identify those patients developing disciform degeneration at an early and therefore potentially treatable stage.

Adolescent↗