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Biomedical subjects

R Bressani

Publications and source records attributed to R Bressani.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Effect of various processes on the protein quality of food based on corn and soybeans].

The present study deals with the effect of various processing methods on the protein values of Maisoy, a blend of 30% whole soybean and 70% corn. The processes evaluated were: a) lime cooking using calcium hydroxide; b) toasting, and c) extrusion cooking, using an equipment known as the Brady Crop Cooker. The same blend of soybean/corn was processed by the same three methods. In addition, a sample of Maisoy--blend produced in Bolivia with the extrusion equipment previously indicated--was also evaluated. The evaluation of all products was carried out using the protein efficiency ratio method (PER). The capacity of two of the blends, with and without amino acid supplementation, of causing changes of deoxiribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, and protein in the content of muscle and liver was also measured. Lime cooking as well as extrusion cooking yielded a food with a protein efficiency ratio which varied from 2.30 to 2.60. Both processes destroyed the antiphysiological factors of soybean.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Composition and potential use of some tropical fruits.

The nutritional role fruits could play in poor-quality diets, as sources of vitamin A and ascorbic acid, is described. Likewise, summarized information is presented on the use of some unknown tropical fruits relatively abundant in Central America as components of high-protein foods, providing nutrients such as provitamin A and ascorbic acid, as well as a variety of flavors. In these studies the fruit pulp as a purée was added either fresh or drum-dried, to a corn-soybean blend. In all cases there occurred a decrease in protein quality, which was more marked for some fruits than for others, probably due to the dehydration process used. The chemical composition of other tropical fruits, not consumed by people but which could be used as animal feed, is also presented. This type of fruits includes the Chalum (Inga, spp.) and some Cucurbitaceae. Others contain seeds with a high oil and protein content. Among the latter, Jícara (Crescentia alata) offers very good industrial possibilities.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1976

[Evaluation of the quality of proteins of various vegetable grains used in various biological methods].

The protein value of different legume foods was studied in weanling rats by determining Net protein Utilization (NPU), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Biological Value (BV), Nitrogen Balance (NB) and digestibility of the protein. NPU was determined by carcass analysis and by nitrogen determination in one of the hind legs of the experimental animals. All samples were evaluated at a 10% protein level in the ration, with and without a methionine suplement. The effect of protein concentration in the diet on the protein quality determinations used was also studied in the black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) sample. Results showed a good correlation among the several values of protein quality evaluation determined by the different methods used, indicating that any of these procedures can differentiate protein quality between samples. Likewise, it was confirmed that NPU can be as accurately calculated by nitrogen carcass analysis as by determining the nitrogen content in the hind leg of the animals. Due to its low cost and the small amount of sample required for the determination, the modified NPU method using the traditional 10-day experimental period could be very useful in determing NPU in programs dealing with the nutritional improvement of food legumes.

Dietary Proteins↗
PubMed1976

[Coffee pulp and hulls. XI. Chemical characteristics of silaged coffee pulp with Napier grass (Pennisetum purpurem) and corn plant (Zea mays)].

Various physical and chemical changes that occur during the process of preparation of coffee pulp silage with the addition of molasses and forage, were identified and measured quantitatively. Three types of silage were prepared in duplicate in laboratory concrete silos, 45 cm wide and 50 cm high. The silages contained the following components: coffee pulp (EPC), pulp and Napier grass (EPCN), and pulp with corn fodder (EPCM). On a fresh basis, the last two contained equal proportions of coffee pulp and forage. Around 16% molasses were aded to all silages. Time of ensiling was 132 to 141 days. In order to determine the physical changes, the silage was weighed at the start and end of the ensiling period; the pH was determined at the end of same, and the drained liquids were measured during the experimental period. To determine the chemical changes, analyses were carried out on the various components used and on the mixtures ensiled at the start and at the end of the experimental period. The pH of the silage was 4.5, 4.3, and 3.8, and the losses of dry matter 10.6, 25.2, and 33.3% for the three types of silages, respectively. These percentages suggest that a better fermentation took place in those silages containing forages. The better fermentation of EPCN over EPC was due to the Napier grass which provided greater amounts of chemical components susceptible of fermentation than those found in coffee pulp. The quality of EPCM was superior due not only to the presence of corn fodder, which produced an effect similar to that of Napier grass, but also due to the fact that the coffee pulp used in this case contained the greater concentrations of soluble carbohydrates and lower levels of lignin than the coffee pulp used alone or with Napier grass. As a result of the fermentation process, in all three types of silage a decrease in dry matter content, of cellular contents and soluble carbohydrates was observed, as well as an increase in cellular walls and its components, and of protein. The magnitude of these changes was found to be directly related to the losses in dry matter. From the results of this research, it was concluded that the addition of forage improves the chemical characteristics of silage prepared from coffee pulp.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

[Coffee hulls and pulp. XII. Effect of storage of coffee pulp on its nutritive value for calves].

Coffee pulp, dehydrated and stored for 7, 13 and 17 months or ensiled for 4, 10 and 14 months, was studied in calves with a rapid growing rate. Storage of dehydrated coffee pulp did not affect its chemical composition, but ensiling reduced crude fiber and increased its nitrogen free extract content after 10 and 14 months. Three growth trials were carried out with Holstein calves averaging 95 kg in the first and second trials, and 130 kg in the third. Eighteen calves were used in the first trial and 24 in each of the other two. In each trial the animals were divided into three equal groups and randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: control, which contained 48% cottonseed hulls, and the other two, with 30% dehydrated coffee pulp or 30% ensiled coffee pulp. Basically, the difference between trials consisted in the time of storage or ensiling of coffee pulp. In all trials, weight gains of calves fed coffee pulp (1.00, 0.90 and 0.98 kg/day, and 1.06, 0.94 and 1.08 kg/day, respectively) were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than the weight gains induced by the control ration (1.21, 1.08 and 1.19 kg/day). Feed intake was also lower, but feed conversion ratio was higher for those rations containing coffee pulp. Calf performance was better with ensiled than with deydrated coffee pulp, particularly in the third trial, where the differences in weight gains were significantly higher (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that storage time does not change nutritive value of coffee pulp; and the ensiling is an adequate process for storing pulp during coffee harvesting, and, possibly also, for improving its nutritive value.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1975

Effect of different levels of gossypol on transaminase activity, on nonessential to essential amino acid ratio, and on iron and nitrogen retention in rats.

Metabolic experiments with rats fed rations containing varying levels of free gossypol (from 3 to 109 mg/100 g) showed that nitrogen retention was not affected by gossypol while iron absorption decreased as the levels of gossypol in the ration increased. This in turn resulted in lower hematocrit and hemoglobin values and lower levels of iron in the liver. The levels of glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases, an indication of liver necrosis, increased in blood serum and decreased in liver when gossypol was fed. The ratio of nonessential to essential amino acids in both serum and liver increased with increasing levels of gossypol in the diet showing that, in spite of an equalized available lysine intake, the cottonseed pigment was capable of binding this and/or other essential amino acids. In all cases, weight gain was adversely affected by the level of gossypol used.

Alanine Transaminase↗